Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: 2008
Food Number and Item		GI²	Serve	GL³
		(Glucose	Size	per
		= 100)	g	serve
	BAKERY PRODUCTS
	Cakes
1	Banana cake, made with sugar	47±8	60	14
2	Banana cake, made without sugar	55±10	60	12
3	Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)	36	60	8
4	Chocolate cake made from packet mix	38±3	111	20
	with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker,
	General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, USA)
5	Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles,	73±12	38	19
	Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
6	Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and	87±17	50	25
	coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)
7	Pound cake 0% (Bimbo S.A de C.V, Mexico)	38±5	60	9
8	Raspberry Coffee cake, President's Choice®	50±4	60	13
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
9	Vanilla cake, made from packet mix with	42±4	58	24
	vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA)
	Desserts
10	Apple Berry crumble, President's Choice®	41±3	165	14
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
11	Bavarian (mousse filling on biscuit base), Chocolate	31±5	75	6
	honeycomb, light (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
12	Danish, Apple & Peach, light (Sara Lee Bakery,	50±4	50	11
	Australia)
13	Doughnut, wheat dough, deep-fried (China)	75±7	50	15
	Muffins
14	Apple muffin, made with rolled oats and sugar	44±6	60	13
15	Apple muffin, made rolled oats and without sugar	48±10	60	9
16	Apple Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)	49±4	60	12
17	Apple, oat, sultana muffin (Australia)	54±4	50	14
18	Apricot, coconut and honey muffin (Australia)	60±4	50	16
19	Banana, oat and honey muffin (Australia)	65±11	50	17
20	Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)	50±3	60	15
21	Blueberry (Wild) 10-Grain muffin, President's Choice®	57±7	70	22
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
22	Chocolate butterscotch muffin (Australia)	53±5	50	15
23	Chocolate chip muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)	52±6	60	17
24	Cranberry & Orange Soy muffin, President's Choice®	48±6	70	14
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
25	Double chocolate muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)	46±4	60	16
26	Muffin, plain, made from wheat flour (Spain)	46±8	50	11
27	Muffin, reduced-fat, low-calorie, made from	37±3	50	9
	high-amylose corn starch and maltitol (Spain)
28	Raisin Bran Flax muffin, President's Choice®	52±3	70	17
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
29	Raspberry Pomegranate muffin, President's Choice®	58±7	70	19
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Pancakes
30	Pancakes, homemade (Fiji)	66±9	80	17
31	Pancakes, prepared from shake mix	67±5	80	38
	(Green's General Foods, Glendenning, Australia)
32	Pancakes, prepared from wheat flour (China)	80±4	80	16
33	Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet	102±11	80	23
	mix (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Australia)
34	Pancakes, gluten-free, made from packet mix	61±6	80	32
	(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
35	Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)	46	80	10
36	Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut	61	80	22
	flour (Philippines)
37	Pastry, puff (Pampas^TM, Australia)	56±5	50	11
38	Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries,	85±14	40	18
	Chatswood, Australia)
39	Scones, plain, made from packet mix	92±8	25	8
	(Defiance Milling Co, Australia)
	BEVERAGES
40	Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Choc Banana	24±3	250 mL	4
	flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
41	Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Chocolate	26±4	250 mL	4
	flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
42	Beer, Toohey's New (Tooheys Pty Limited, Australia)⁷	66±7	250 mL	5
43	Chocolate Daydream^TM shake, fructose (Revival	33±4	250 mL	6
	Soy®, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)⁸
44	Chocolate Daydream^TM shake, sucralose (Revival	25±4	250 mL	1
	Soy®, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)⁸
	Coca Cola®
45	Coca Cola®, soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney,	53±7	250 mL	14
	Australia)
46	Coca Cola®, soft drink (Coca Cola Bottling	63	250 mL	16
	Company, Atlanta, USA)
47	Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd,	66±8	250 mL	13
	Berri, Australia)
48	Fanta®, orange soft drink	68±6	250 mL	23
	(Coca Cola Amatil, Australia)
49	Fruit punch (USA)	67	250 mL	19
50	Lemonade, Scheweppes®, lemon soft drink	54±5	250 mL	15
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, Australia)
51	Mars Active® Energy Drink, flavored milk	46±4	250 mL	15
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
52	Orange Delight Cocktail with pulp,	44±5	250 mL	7
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
53	Ribena^TM blackcurrant fruit syrup, reconsituted	52±5	250 mL	17
	with water (GlaxoSmithKline Group, Australia)
	Rice milk drink
54	Rice milk drink, low-fat, Australia's Own Natural^TM	92±9	250 mL	29
	(So Natural Foods, Taren Point, Australia)
55	Vitasoy® rice milk, low-fat, calcium enriched	79±8	250 mL	17
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
56	Slim Fast^TM French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake	37±5	250 mL	10
	(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, USA)
	Smoothie, made from milk and fruit
57	Smoothie, banana (Australia)	30±4	250 mL	8
58	Smoothie, banana and strawberry, V8 Splash®	44±3	250 mL	11
	(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, USA)
59	Smoothie, mango (Australia)	32±4	250 mL	9
60	Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc, Omaha, USA)	33±9	250 mL	14
	mean of four foods	35±3	250 mL	11
	Smoothie, made from soy milk
61	Smoothie drink, soy, banana	30±3	250 mL	7
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
62	Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut	34±3	250 mL	8
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
63	Solo^TM, lemon squash, soft drink	58±5	250 mL	17
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)⁸
64	Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's	40±5	250 mL	11
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
65	Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice®	15±4	250 mL	1
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
66	Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice®	28±3	250 mL	4
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
67	Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid	43±5	250 mL	11
	breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)⁸
68	Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal	46±5	250 mL	11
	liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)⁸
69	V8 Splash®, tropical blend fruit drink	47±4	250 mL	13
	(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
70	Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and	39±2	250 mL	13
	legume extract drink with fructose)⁸
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)
71	V8® 100% vegetable juice	43±4	250 mL	4
	(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
72	Yakult®, fermented milk drink with	46±6	65 mL	6
	Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
73	Yakult® Light, fermented milk drink with	36±6	65 mL	3
	Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
	Sports drinks
74	Gatorade® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty	78±13	250 mL	12
	Ltd, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)
75	Isostar® (Novartis Consumer Health,	70±15	250 mL	13
	Nyon, Switzerland)
76	Sustagen Sport® (Mead Johnson,	43±9	250 mL	21
	Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)
77	Thorpedo® Advanced Hydration for Kids, all flavors	11±2	250 mL	4
	(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
78	Thorpedo® Ultra Low GI Energy Water, all flavors	16±4	250 mL	2
	(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
	Drinks made from drinking mix powders
79	Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, Chocolate	39±4	250 mL	5
	flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
80	Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, French Vanilla	41±3	250 mL	5
	flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
81	Build-Up^TM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla	41±4	250 mL	14
	with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, Australia)
82	Cinch^TM Café Latte weight management powder,	27±3	250 mL	8
	prepared with skim milk
	(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, USA)
83	Cinch^TM Chocolate weight management powder,	16±3	250 mL	5
	prepared with skim milk
	(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
84	Cinch^TM Vanilla weight management powder,	22±3	250 mL	6
	prepared with skim milk (Shaklee Corporation, USA)
85	Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with	51±3	250 mL	12
	hot water (Nestlé, Australia)
86	Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy	36±3	250 mL	7
	protein and whey powder (Harrod foods, Sefton,
	Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) milk
87	Malted milk powder in full-fat milk (Nestlé, Australia)	45±3	250 mL	12
	Milo^TM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
88	Milo^TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water	55±3	250 mL	9
89	Milo^TM (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand)	52±5	250 mL	8
	dissolved in water
90	Milo^TM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat milk	35±2	250 mL	9
91	Milo^TM (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat milk	36±3	250 mL	9
92	Milo^TM Breakfast Smoothie powder prepared	39±5	250 mL	13
	with skim milk (Nestlé, Australia)
93	Nutrimeal^TM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate	26±3	250 mL	4
	(Usana, Salt Lake City, USA) (2000)
94	Nutrimeal^TM, meal replacement drink, all flavors	20±2	250 mL	3
	(Usana Australia, Baulkham Hills, Australia) (2007)
95	Proform Hi-protein powder, neutral flavor,	45±3	250 mL	22
	prepared with skim milk
	(MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)
96	Proform Hi-protein powder, vanilla flavor, prepared	42±5	250 mL	21
	with skim milk (MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Australia)
	Quik^TM (sweet drink powder)
97	Quik^TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), made with water	53±5	250	4
98	Quik^TM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), prepared with	41±4	250	5
	1.5% fat milk
99	Quik^TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), prepared	64±8	250	5
	with in water
100	Quik^TM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), prepared	35±3	250	4
	with 1.5% fat milk

	BREADS
101	Bagel, white (USA)⁹	69	70	24
	Baguette
102	Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat	57±9	30	10
	flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
103	Whole Grain Baguette, President's Choice® Blue	73±6	30	9
	Menu tm (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
104	French baguette with chocolate spread (France)	72±8	70	27
105	French baguette with butter and strawberry jam	62±7	70	26
	(France)
106	Pain au lait (Pasquier, France)	63±10	60	20
	Barley breads
	Coarse barley kernel bread, 80% kernels
107	80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	34	30	7
108	80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)	40	30	8
109	Barley kernel bread, 50% kibbled barley (Australia)	48	30	10
110	Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries,	57±6	30	6
	Sydney, Australia)
111	Sunflower and barley bread (Vogel's, UK)	70±10	30	8
	Barley flour breads
112	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread	67	30	13
	(20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)
113	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (50% regular	50	30	7
	barley flour, 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
114	Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (20% regular	43	30	5
	barley flour, 80% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
115	Barley flour bread, made from 50% wheat flour and	74±15	30	12
	50% coarse sieved barley flour (containing 4.2%
	total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 2.8% soluble) (Italy)
116	Barley flour bread, made from 80% wheat flour and	70±7	30	11
	20% water-extracted barley flour (containing 6.3%
	total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 5.7% soluble) (Italy)
117	Whole grain barley flour bread, made from 50% barley	85±14	30	15
	flour and 50% wheat flour (containing 2.4%
	total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 2.0% soluble) (Italy)
118	Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour and	49	30	6
	30% white wheat flour, baked long-time at
	low tempertaure (Sweden)
119	Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour & 30%	70	30	9
	white wheat flour, conventionally baked (Sweden)
	Wholemeal barley flour (80%) & white wheat flour
	(20%) breads - fermented or with added
	organic acids or salts (Sweden)
120	Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference food	70	30	14
	for the 5 breads below)⁹
121	Wholemeal barley flour bread with	53	30	10
	sourdough (lactic acid)⁹
122	Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid⁹	66	30	12
123	Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate⁹	59	30	12
124	Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate⁹	65	30	13
125	Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose	57	30	11
	sodium propionate⁹
	Buckwheat bread
126	Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat	47	30	10
	groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)
127	Buckwheat bread (China)	67±2	30	13
	Chickpea flour bread
128	Chickpea flour bread, made from Amethyst-type	55	30	7
	desi chickpeas (JK International Pty Ltd,
	Rocklea, Australia)
129	Chickpea flour bread, made from extruded	67	30	8
	chickpea flour (Australia)
130	Corn tortilla, made from white corn, Diego's brand	49±6	50	11
	(San Diego Tortilla Factory Pty Ltd, Andrews,
	QLD, Australia)
131	Bread, flax, made from flax meal & wheat flour (Canada)⁹	67	30	8
	Fruit breads
132	Bürgen® Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries,	44±5	30	6
	Chatswood, Australia)
133	Bürgen® Fruit and Muesli bread	53±4	30	7
	(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
134	Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread	47±6	30	7
	with dried fruit (Australia)
135	Fruit and cinnamon bread (Finest, UK)	71±11	30	11
136	Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced	54±6	30	8
	(Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, Australia)
137	Fruit loaf, sliced (UK)	57±6	30	9
138	Happiness^TM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread)	63±5	30	9
	(Natural Ovens, Mannitowoc, USA)
139	Muesli bread, made from packet mix in	54±6	30	7
	bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)
140	Whole-wheat bread with dried fruit (China)	47±2	30	7
	Gluten-free bread
141	Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakery,	79±13	30	10
	Dandenong, Australia)
142	Gluten-free white bread (Country Life Bakery, Autralia)	40±5	30	3
143	Gluten-free buckwheat bread, made with buckwheat	72±5	30	8
	meal & rice flour
	(Naturis Organic Bread, NSW, Australia)
	Hamburger/Hot dog buns
144	100% Whole wheat Gigantico Burger Buns,	62±6	30	7
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
145	100% Whole wheat Gigantico Hot Dog Rolls,	62±6	30	7
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Oat bread
146	Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels	65	30	12
	and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
	Oat bran bread
147	50% oat bran (Australia)	44	30	8
148	45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden)	50	30	9
149	Oatmeal batch bread (UK)	62±8	30	9
	Rice bread
150	Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice	72±9	30	8
	(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, Australia)
151	Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice	61±9	30	7
	(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)
	Rye bread
152	Rye bread (50% rye flour + 50% wheat flour) (Turkey)	50	30	7
153	Wheat and rye bread (75% wheat flour +	40	30	6
	10% rye flour + 15% wheat bran) (Turkey)
	Rye kernel bread
154	Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and	41	30	5
	20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
155	Whole-kernel rye bread, 60% whole rye kernels	57	30	6
	and 40% rye flour (Finland)¹¹
156	Rye bread (80% rye flour + 20% oat β-glucan	66	30	6
	concentrate) (Finland)¹¹
157	Rye bread, 69% whole-grain rye flour	78±10	30	11
	(Jalkiuunileipa, Oululainen Ltd, Lahti, Finland)
	Specialty rye breads
158	Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery,	76±14	30	10
	Sydney, Australia)
159	Bürgen^TM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	55±12	30	6
160	Bürgen^TM Rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	51±3	30	5
161	Country Grain Organic Rye	53±4	30	5
	(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
162	Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney,	59±5	30	8
	NSW, Australia)
163	Rye Hi-Soy with Linseed	55±4	30	5
	(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
164	Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery,	86±15	30	12
	Sydney, Australia)
165	Sourdough rye (Australia)	48	30	6
	Wheat Breads
166	Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels	52	30	10
	and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
	Spelt wheat breads
167	White spelt wheat bread (Belgium)	65	30	10
168	White spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)¹²	74	30	17
169	Wholemeal spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)¹²	63	30	12
170	Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread (Slovenia)¹²	67	30	15
171	Spelt multigrain bread® (Pav's bakery, Australia)	54±10	30	7
	White wheat flour bread
172	White flour (UK)	59±11	30	8
173	White flour (Canada)	69±5	30	10
174	White flour, Sunblest^TM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	70	30	10
175	White flour (Sainsbury's, UK)	70±10	30	10
176	White flour bread	71±3	30	10
177	White flour (Pepperidge Farm, Norwalk, CT, USA)	71±6	30	11
178	White flour (South Africa)	71±7	30	9
179	White flour (Italy)	72	30	11
180	White flour (Hovis, UK)	73±12	30	11
181	White flour (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)	75	30	10
182	White flour (Vodova veka Penam, Olomouc,	75±10	30	13
	Czech Republic)
183	White flour (Hovis, UK)	75±12	30	11
184	White flour (Hovis Classic, British Bakeries Ltd, UK)⁹	87	30	11
185	White flour (China)	88±3	30	12
186	White flour (Italy)	89±12	30	18
187	White flour, homemade (UK)⁹	89	30	12
	mean of sixteen studies	75±2	30	11
	White wheat flour bread, toasted
188	White bread, toasted (Hovis, UK)	50±7	30	7
189	White bread, fresh, toasted (British Bakeries Ltd, UK)⁹	63	30	8
190	White bread, homemade, fresh, toasted (UK)⁹	66	30	9
	mean of three studies	60	30	8
	White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted⁹
191	White bread, frozen and defrosted	75	30	9
	(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)⁹
192	White bread, homemade, frozen and defrosted (UK)	62	30	8
	White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted,
	toasted
193	White wheat bread, frozen, defrosted and toasted⁹	64	30	8
	(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)
194	White bread, homemade, frozen, defrosted⁹	54	30	7
	and toasted (UK)
	Wonder^TM, enriched white bread (Interstate
	Brands Companies, Kansas City, USA)
195	Wonder^TM, enriched white bread	71±9	30	10
196	Wonder^TM, enriched white bread	72±4	30	10
197	Wonder^TM, enriched white bread	77±3	30	11
	mean of three studies	73	30	10
	White bread with enzyme inhibitors
198	White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico)	50	30	8
	White bread with insoluble fiber
199	White bread, enriched with 9 g lupin kernel fiber	74	30	7
	(viscous insoluble fiber) (Australasian Natural
	Ingredients Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia)
200	White bread with added wheatgerm and fiber (UK)	59±11	30	6
	White bread with soluble fiber
201	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium)	65	30	11
	(Mexico)
202	White bread, enriched with 12 g Arabinoxylan fiber¹⁴	41	30	4
	(soluble fiber) (Australia)
203	White bread, enriched with 6 g Arabinoxylan fiber¹⁴	56	30	7
	(soluble fiber) (Australia)
	White bread enriched with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
	tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
204	White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	63±4	30	10
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
205	White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	64±5	30	10
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
206	White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	68±5	30	11
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
207	White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	56±1	30	10
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
208	White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2	55±2	30	9
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
	White bread consumed with fiber drink
209	White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo	49±4	-	-
	Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
210	White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo	57±5	-	-
	Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
211	White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin	66±6	-	-
	(Matsutani Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Japan)
	in 250 mL water
212	White bread consumed with 10 g inulin (Orafti,	67±6	-	-
	Tienen, Belgium) in 250 mL water
	White bread with added ingredients
213	White bread (100% wheat flour) + 2% pectin	85	30	11
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
214	White bread (100% wheat flour) + 5% fruit fiber	76	30	9
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
215	White bread (80% wheat flour + 20% chickpea flour)	79	30	9
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
216	White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% modified corn	78	30	10
	starch) (George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
217	White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% tapicoa starch)	77	30	10
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
218	White bread (95% wheat flour + 5% oat bran)	74	30	10
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
219	White bread, containing 2% guar gum	66	30	8
	(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
220	White bread, containing 2% vinegar and 2.5%	79	30	9
	sourdough (Noble Rise Crunchy Toast, Australia)
221	White bread containing Eurylon® high-amylose	42	30	8
	maize starch (France)¹⁵
222	White bread eaten with powdered dried	48	30	7
	seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)
223	White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette	45	30	7
	(Sweden)
224	White bread eaten with 18 g white vinegar	63	30	9
	(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
225	White bread eaten with 23 g white vinegar	73	30	11
	(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
226	White bread eaten with 28 g white vinegar	54	30	8
	(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
227	White and wholemeal bread (ratio 1:1), fermented by	54	30	6
	sourdough lactobacilli (pH 1.5) and fiber-enriched
	with oat fiber (Italy)
	White bread, with different proving times
	and bread volumes
228	White bread, prepared with a 10 min prove and a	38±4	30	5
	second 2 min proving (low loaf volume) (UK)
229	White bread, prepared with a 30 min prove and a	72±7	30	9
	second 12 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
230	White bread, prepared with a 60 min prove and a	86±9	30	11
	second 30 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
231	White bread, prepared with a 40 min prove, a second	100±7	30	13
	25 min proving and a third 50 min proving
	(large loaf volume) (UK)
	White resistant starch-enriched bread
232	Fiber White^TM (Nature's Fresh,	77±10	30	11
	Auckland, New Zealand)
233	Wonderwhite^TM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia)	80±8	30	11
	Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
234	Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK)	68±9	30	7
235	Wholemeal flour (China)	69±3	30	9
236	Wholemeal flour (Sainsbury's, UK)	71±12	30	8
237	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	72±6	30	8
238	Wholemeal flour (Australia)	74	30	10
239	Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK)	74±8	30	8
240	Wholemeal flour (South Africa)	75±9	30	9
241	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	77±9	30	9
242	Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	78±16	30	9
243	Wholemeal flour (France)	85±27	30	13
	mean of ten studies	74± 2	30	9
	Wholemeal stoneground (whole wheat)
	wheat flour bread
244	Wholemeal bread, stoneground flour (Bill's Organic	59±8	30	7
	Bread, Cardiff, Australia)
245	Wholemeal flour, stoneground (Waitrose, UK)	66±13	30	8
	Specialty wheat breads
246	Bakers Delight^TM Hi Fibre Lo GI white bread	52±7	30	8
	(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
247	Bakers Delight^TM Wholemeal Country Grain bread	53±9	30	6
	(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
	Bürgen^TM Mixed Grain bread (Tip Top Bakeries,
	Chatswood, Australia)
248	Bürgen^TM Mixed Grain	34±4	30	4
249	Bürgen^TM Mixed Grain	45±12	30	5
250	Bürgen^TM Mixed Grain	52±4	30	5
	mean of three studies	44	30	5
251	Bürgen^TM Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley	31±3	30	3
	(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (1995)
252	Bürgen^TM Oatbran & Honey bread	49±4	30	5
	(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (2002)
253	Bürgen^TM Pumpkin Seed bread, containing 6%	49±4	30	4
	pumpkin seeds (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
254	Bürgen® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%)	36±4	30	3
	loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
255	Bürgen® Wholmeal & Seeds	39±8	30	2
	(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
256	Crusty malted wheat bread (Finest, UK)	52±8	30	7
257	English Muffin^TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	77±7	30	11
258	English Muffin, Whole Grain Multigrain,	45±3	30	5
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
259	Golden Hearth^TM Organic Heavy Wholegrain bread	53±7	30	7
	(Gold Coast Bakeries, QLD, Australia)
260	Healthy Choice^TM Hearty 7 Grain	55±6	30	8
	(Con Agra Inc., USA)
261	Healthy Choice^TM Hearty 100% Whole Grain	62±6	30	9
	(Con Agra Inc., USA)
262	Helga's^TM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers,	68±9	30	9
	Sydney, Australia)
263	Helga's^TM Traditional Wholemeal bread	70±14	30	9
	(Quality Bakers, Australia)
264	Hunger Filler^TM, whole grain bread	59±8	30	7
	(Natural Ovens, USA)
265	Malt loaf, organic (UK)	59±9	30	12
266	Molenberg^TM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland,	75±10	30	11
	New Zealand)
267	Multigrain bread (Sainsbury's, UK)	80±10	30	8
268	Multigrain batch bread (UK)	62±8	30	9
269	9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	43±5	30	6
270	Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia)	54±10	30	8
271	Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia)	43	30	6
272	Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	60	30	7
273	Multiseed bread (UK)	54±4	30	7
274	Nutty Natural^TM, whole grain bread	59±7	30	7
	(Natural Ovens, USA)
275	Performax^TM (Country Life Bakery, Australia)	38±3	30	5
276	Ploughman's^TM Wholegrain, original recipe	47	30	7
	(Quality Bakers, Australia)
277	Ploughman's^TM Wholemeal, smooth milled	64±10	30	9
	(Quality Bakers, Australia)
278	Seeded bread (UK)	49±7	30	6
279	Sourdough wheat bread (Australia)	54	30	8
280	Sourdough Vienna bread, Bakers Delight^TM	66±6	30	10
	(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
281	Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix cooked	50±6	30	5
	in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)
282	Stay Trim^TM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	70±10	30	10
283	Tip Top^TM EnerGI white bread	54	30	7
	(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)
284	Tip Top^TM EnerGI white bread	58	30	7
	(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)
285	3 Grain Bread, sprouted grains (Stonemill Bread,	55±6	30	5
	Toronto, Canada)
286	Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co, Sydney, Australia)	55±5	30	8
287	Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread	54±3	30	6
	(Quality Bakers, Australia)
288	Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread	59	30	7
	(Quality Bakers, Australia)
289	100% Whole Grain^TM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)	51±11	30	7
290	White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden)	79	30	13
291	Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,	71	30	8
	leavened with crushed whole grains (Denmark)
292	Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,	65	30	8
	leavened with honey and salt (Denmark)
293	Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,	67	30	8
	leavened with yeast (Denmark)
	Unleavened Breads
294	Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, Australia)	75±9	30	12
295	Pita bread, white, mini (UK)	68±5	30	10
296	Pita bread, wholemeal (UK)	56±13	30	8

	BREAKFAST CEREALS
	All-Bran^TM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
297	All-Bran^TM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia)¹⁷	30	30	4
298	All-Bran^TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)^11,14	38	30	8
299	All-Bran^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	51±5	30	12
300	All-Bran^TM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)	55±7	30	12
	mean of four studies	44±6	30	9
301	All-Bran Fruit 'n Oats^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	41±9	30	7
302	All-Bran Soy 'n fiber^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	33±3	30	4
303	All-Bran Wheat Flakes^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	60±8	30	12
304	Balance^TM (Sainsbury's, UK)	74±5	30	17
305	Barley flakes (China)	69±3	30	14
	Barley porridge
306	Barley flour porridge, made from milled dehulled barley	46	50 (dry)	15
	kernels (flour:water = 1:3) boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
307	Barley flour porridge, made from milled high-amylose	39	50 (dry)	11
	(covered) barley kernels (flour:water = 1:3),
	boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
308	Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm)	62	50 (dry)	17
	dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
309	Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm)	65	50 (dry)	18
	dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
310	Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley)	68	50 (dry)	23
	(flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
311	Wholemeal high-fiber barley flour porridge (50%	55	50 (dry)	8
	barley flour: 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
312	Bran cereal, high fiber (UK)	43±10	30	5
	Bran Flakes
313	Branflakes (Healthy Living, UK)	50±7	30	10
314	Bran Flakes, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM	65±8	30	12
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
315	Bran Flakes^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	74	30	13
	mean of three studies	63	30	12
	Chocapic^TM (Nestlé, France)
316	Chocapic^TM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)	70±10	30	17
317	Chocapic^TM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)	74±9	30	19
318	Chocapic^TM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)	84±9	30	22
	mean of three studies	76	30	20
	Coco Pops^TM (cocoa flavored puffed rice)
319	Coco Pops^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±8	30	20
320	Coco Pops^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±3	30	20
	Cornflakes^TM
321	Cornflakes (China)	74±3	30	19
322	Cornflakes^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77	30	19
323	Cornflakes (China)	79±4	30	20
324	Cornflakes^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	80±6	30	21
325	Cornflakes (Kellogg's, UK)	93±14	30	23
	mean of five studies	81±3	30	20
326	Cornflakes, Crunchy Nut^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
327	Corn Pops^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	80±4	30	21
328	Energy Mix^TM, wheat-based flaked cereal	80±7	30	20
	(Quaker, France)
329	Fibre First Multi-Bran Cereal, President's Choice®	56±10	30	6
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
330	Froot Loops^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	69±9	30	18
331	Frosties^TM, sugar-coated cornflakes	55	30	14
	(Kellogg's, Australia)
	Fruit and Fibre^TM
332	Fruit and Fibre^TM (Sainsbury's, UK)	61±4	30	13
333	Fruit and Fibre (UK)	67±7	30	14
334	Fruit and Fibre (Value, UK)	68±7	30	13
	mean of three studies	65	30	13
335	Fruity-Bix^TM, berry (Sanitarium, New Zealand)	113±10	30	25
336	Golden Wheats^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±8	30	16
337	Granola Clusters, Original, low fat,	63±4	30	14
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
338	Granola Clusters, Raisin & Almond, low fat,	70±7	30	15
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
339	Grapenuts^TM (Kraft Foods Inc, Port Chester, USA)	75±6	30	16
340	Guardian^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	37±9	30	5
341	Healthwise^TM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's,	66±9	30	12
	Wahgunyah, Australia)
342	High-fiber cereal (UK)	52±6	30	9
343	Hi-Lite^TM, containing 55% rolled barley grains	54±5	30	10
	(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
344	Honey Rice Bubbles^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±4	30	20
345	Honey Smacks^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	71±10	30	16
346	Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc, USA)	37±6	30	8
347	Hot cereal, unflavored (Con Agra Inc., USA)	25±5	30	5
348	Just Right^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	60±15	30	13
349	Just Right Just Grains^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	62±11	30	14
350	Kashi Seven Whole Grain Puffs	65±10	30	16
	(Kashi Company, USA)
351	Komplete^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	48±5	30	10
	Mini Wheats, whole wheat
352	Mini Wheats^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	58±8	30	12
353	Mini Wheats (Sainsbury's, UK)	59±7	30	12
354	Mini Wheats^TM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±10	30	15
	Muesli
355	Alpen original muesli, made from steamed rolled oats	55±10	30	11
	with dried fruit and nuts (Weetabix, UK)
356	Bürgen® Fruit & Muesli	51	30	10
	(George Weston Foods, Australia)
357	Bürgen® Soy-Lin^TM Muesli	51±3	30	9
	(George Weston Foods, Australia)
358	Bürgen® Rye Muesli	41	30	7
	(George Weston Foods, Australia)
359	Muesli (Value, UK)	64±9	30	12
360	Muesli (Canada)	66±9	30	16
361	Muesli (Healthy Eating, UK)	86±10	30	18
362	Muesli, fruit (UK)	67±7	30	14
363	Muesli, fruit and nut (UK)	59±11	30	11
364	Muesli, gluten-free with Psyllium	50±7	30	5
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
365	Muesli, Light, mixed berry & apple flavor,	64±7	30	13
	Special K brand (Kellogg's, Australia)
366	Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand)	54±12	30	10
367	Muesli, Morning Sun Natural Apricot & Almond	49±5	30	6
	(Australia)
368	Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia)	40±6	30	8
369	Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand)	57±9	30	11
370	Muesli, Natural Style Original Swiss Formula	62±6	30	11
	(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
371	Muesli, Naytura Fruit and Nut	48±6	30	7
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
372	Muesli, Swiss Bircher (Woolworths Limited, Australia)	52±5	30	9
373	Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	56±8	30	9
374	Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	43±:4	30	7
375	Muesli, toasted, with nuts (Australia)	65±5	30	11
376	Muesli, wholewheat (UK)	56±6	30	10
377	Muesli, yeast & wheat free (Freedom Foods, Australia)	45±5	30	4
378	Vogel's Café Style Fibre-Rich Muesli	48±6	30	9
	(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
379	Nutrigrain^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	66±12	30	10
	Oat bran, consumed as a drink mixed
	with 41g glucose and water
380	15 g Oat bran (containing 2 g β-glucan), consumed	84±6	10	2
	as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
381	30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g β-glucan), consumed	58±6	10	2
	as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
382	30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g β-glucan), consumed	64±8	10	2
	as a drink mixed with glucose and water, frozen for 13
	days and then thawed before consumption (Finland)
383	45 g Oat bran (containing 6 g β-glucan), consumed	64±9	10	2
	as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
384	Oat 'n Honey Bake^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±11	30	13
385	Oats, rolled, uncooked (Lowan's Whole Foods,	59±4	30	11
	Box Hill, Australia)
	Porridge made from rolled oats
386	Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia)¹⁷	42	250	9
387	Porridge, made from rolled oats cooked for 20 min	49±8	250	11
	(Canada)
388	Porridge oats (Freedom Foods, Australia)	50±4	250	10
389	Traditional porridge oats	51±8	250	11
	(Lowan Whole Foods, Australia)
390	Porridge, made from steel-cut oats, cooked in water	52±4	250	17
	(USA)
391	Porridge (China)	55±2	250	13
392	Traditional Rolled Oats (Woolworths Limited, Australia)	57±5	250	11
393	Old-Fashioned Steel Cut Oats, President's Choice®	57±8	250	14
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
394	Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand)	58±9	250	12
395	Porridge (Australia)	58±4	250	12
396	Porridge (Value, UK)	63±15	250	19
397	Porridge, organic (UK)	63±11	250	18
398	Porridge, Scottish (UK)	63±7	250	20
	mean of thirteen studies	55±2	250	13
399	Multi grain instant oatmeal, Regular and Cinnamon	55±7	250	14
	& Spice, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
400	Multigrain porridge, containing rolled oats, wheat,	55±2	250	19
	triticale, rye, barley and rice, cooked with water
	(The Monster Muesli Company, Beecroft, Australia)
401	Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3),	74	50 (dry)	24
	boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
402	Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm)	55	250	15
	dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
403	Oat porridge made from 0.5-0.6 mm thick flakes,	76±7	250	19
	cooked for 10min (Elovena; Raisio Group Ltd,
	Raisio, Finland)
404	Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm)	69	250	19
	dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
405	Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm)	50	250	14
	dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
406	Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin	80	250	22
	(0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
407	Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm)	53	250	14
	dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
	Instant Porridge
408	Instant porridge (China)	69±3	250	14
409	Instant oat porridge, cooked in microwave	82±10	250	20
	with water (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
410	Instant oatmeal porridge, made from packet (China)	83±7	250	18
411	Instant oat cereal porridge prepared with water (UK)	83±10	250	30
	mean of four studies	79±3	250	21
412	Pop Tarts^TM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±2	50	25
413	Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia)	80±11	30	17
414	Raisin Bran^TM (Kellogg's, USA)	61±5	30	12
415	Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd,	19±3	30	3
	Leeton, Australia)
	Rice Bubbles
416	Rice Bubbles^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)¹⁷	81	30	21
417	Rice Bubbles^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	85±3	30	22
418	Rice Bubbles^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	92±8	30	24
419	Rice Bubbles^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	95	30	25
	mean of four studies	88±3	30	23
420	Shredded Wheat (Canada)	67±10	30	13
421	Soy Crunch Multi-Grain Cereal, President's Choice®	47±4	30	9
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Special K^TM - formulation of this cereal
	varies in different countries
422	Special K^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	54±4	30	11
423	Special K^TM (Kellogg's, USA)	69±5	30	14
424	Special K^TM, made from rice (Kellogg's, France)	84±12	30	20
425	Soy Tasty^TM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit)	60±5	30	12
	(Sanitarium, Australia)
426	Soytana^TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch	49±3	45	12
	with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g),
	(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
427	Sultana Bran^TM (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007)	64±3	30	12
428	Sultana Bran^TM (Kellogg's, Australia) (1997)	73±13	30	14
429	Sustain^TM, Original (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007)	55±5	30	12
430	Ultra-bran^TM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded	41±4	30	5
	wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g)
	(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
431	Vogel's Cluster Crunch Classic (Specialty Cereals,	50±6	30	10
	Australia)
432	Vogel's Cluster Crunch, Honey Hazelnut	43±3	30	8
	(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
433	Wild Oats Cluster Crunch Hazelnut Chocolate	43±6	30	8
	(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
434	Wheat-bites^TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	72±11	30	18
	Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
435	Vita-Brits^TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)¹⁷	61	30	12
436	Vita-Brits^TM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	68±6	30	13
437	Weet-Bix^TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69	30	12
438	Weet-Bix^TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	69±4	30	12
439	Weetabix^TM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.)	75±10	30	16
440	Whole wheat Goldies^TM (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±4	30	14
441	Wheat based cereal biscuit (UK)	72±10	30	14
	mean of seven studies	69±2	30	13
	Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with
	additional ingredients
442	Good Start^TM, muesli wheat biscuits	68±4	30	14
	(Sanitarium, Australia)
443	Hi-Bran Weet-Bix^TM, wheat biscuits with extra	61±4	30	10
	wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia)
444	Hi-Bran Weet-Bix^TM with soy and linseed	57±3	30	9
	(Sanitarium, Australia)
445	Honey Goldies^TM (Kellogg's Australia)	72±3	30	15
446	Lite-Bix^TM, plain, no added sugar	70±3	30	14
	(Sanitarium, Australia)
447	Oat bran Weet-Bix^TM (Sanitarium, Australia)	57±4	30	11
448	Sultana Goldies^TM (Kellogg's Australia)	65±6	30	13

	BREAKFAST CEREALS WITH MILK
449	Branflakes (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk	76±5	30	15
450	Cereal flakes with fruit (30 g), consumed with 125 mL	57±8	155	16
	skim milk (UK)
451	Cocoa Crunch cereal (30 g) with 125 mL skim milk (UK)	58±11	155	16
452	Cornflakes (Sainsbury's, UK) (30 g), consumed with	65±5	30	16
	125 mL skim milk
453	Honey Crunch cereal (30 g), consumed with	54±6	155	16
	125 mL skim milk (UK)
	Hot oat cereal, prepared with 125 mL skim milk
454	Hot oat cereal (30 g), berry flavor (UK)	43±6	155	11
455	Hot oat cereal (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK)	40±5	155	9
456	Hot oat cereal (30 g), fruit flavor (UK)	47±8	155	12
457	Hot oat cereal (30 g), honey flavor (UK)	47±6	155	12
458	Hot oat cereal (30 g), orchard fruit flavor (UK)	50±7	155	12
459	Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK)	47±6	155	11
460	Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK)	40±9	155	9
	mean of seven foods	45±1	155	11
461	Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)	39±6	30	7
	with 1.5% fat milk
462	Muesli, Original (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed	60±6	30	11
	with semi-skimmed milk
463	Muesli, Swiss (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed with	60±6	30	12
	semi-skimmed milk
464	Muesli, Wheat free (Pertwee Farm's, UK), consumed	49±7	30	9
	with semi-skimmed milk
465	Porridge, jumbo oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed	40±6	250	9
	with semi-skimmed milk
466	Porridge, small oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed	61±6	250	14
	with semi-skimmed milk
467	Precise^TM (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk	59±4	30	14
468	Rice Pops^TM (Sainsbury's, UK),	80±6	30	20
	with semi-skimmed milk
	Wheat biscuits consumed with 125 mL skim milk
469	Cereal biscuit (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK)	46±7	155	12
470	Cereal biscuit (30 g), fruit flavor (UK)	56±7	155	15
471	Cereal biscuit (30 g), honey flavor (UK)	52±7	155	14
472	Cereal biscuit (30 g), wheat based (UK)	47±8	155	12
	mean of four foods	50±2	155	13

	BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
473	Cereal bar, cranberry flavor (UK)	42±5	30	6
474	Cereal bar, hazelnut flavor (UK)	33±6	30	4
475	Cereal bar, orange flavor (UK)	33±3	30	5
476	Crunchy Nut Cornflakes^TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±6	30	19
477	Fiber Plus^TM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	78±9	30	18
478	Fruity-Bix^TM bar, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit	56±4	30	11
	and nuts with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
479	Fruity-Bix^TM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal and	51±4	30	9
	covered with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
480	Hi-Lite^TM breakfast bar (Freedom Foods, Australia)	53±3	30	11
481	K-Time Just Right^TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	72±4	30	17
482	K-Time Strawberry Crunch^TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	77±5	30	19
483	Muesli breakfast bar, gluten-free	50±6	30	9
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
484	Omega bar, containing linseeds, sunflower kernels	21±2	30	3
	and nuts, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
485	Rice Bubble Treat^TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	63±11	30	15
486	Sustain^TM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)	57±10	30	14
	CEREAL GRAINS
	Barley
487	Barley kernels, high-amylose (hull-less) boiled in	20	150	8
	water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
488	Barley kernels, waxy (hull-less), boiled in water	22	150	9
	for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
489	Barley kernels, boiled in water for 25 min	25	150	10
	(kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
490	Barley kernels, high-amylose (covered), boiled in	26	150	11
	water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
491	Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min	25±2	150	11
	(Goudas Food Products, Concord, Canada)
492	Barley, pearled, boiled 60 min (UK)	35±4	150	15
493	Barley, pot, boiled (Goudas Food Products, Canada)	35±4	150	15
494	Barley, pot, boiled 20 min (Goudas Food	37	150	16
	Products, Canada)
	mean of eight studies	28±2	150	12
495	Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	48	150	20
496	Barley, rolled (Australia)	66±5	50 (dry)	25
497	Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated,	45	150	13
	dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden)
	Corn/Maize
498	Corn granules (China)	52±3	150	15
499	Maize (Zea Mays), flour made into chapatti (India)	59	30	8
500	Cornmeal porridge (China)	68±3	150	9
	Sweet corn
501	Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	150	11
502	Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia)	48	150	14
503	Sweet corn (China)	55±2	150	18
504	Sweet corn (USA)¹¹	60	150	20
505	Sweet corn (South Africa)	62±5	150	20
	mean of five studies	52±5	150	17
	Couscous
506	Couscous, rehydrated with hot water	65±7	150	9
	(San Remo, Australia)
	Millet
507	Millet porridge (China)	62±3	150	22
508	Quinoa, cooked, refridgerated, reheated in microwave	53±5	150	13
	for 1.5 min (Nature First Organic, Australia)
	Rice, white
509	Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (SunRice brand,	69±7	150	36
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
	Rice, boiled white, type NS
510	Type NS (India)⁹	43	150	16
511	Type NS (Canada)	72±9	150	30
512	Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)	72	150	27
513	Type NS (China)	83±1	150	30
514	Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy)^9,18	89	150	43
	mean of five studies	72±8	150	29
515	Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16-20 h,	53	150	20
	reheated (India)
516	Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy)^9,18	94	150	45
	Long grain, boiled
517	Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min	50	150	21
	(Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods,
	Wetherill Park, Australia )
518	Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland,	56±7	150	24
	New Zealand)
519	Premium long grain, white (SunRice brand,	59±7	150	24
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
520	Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand,	64±3	150	26
	Gouda Food Products, Canada)
521	Long grain, boiled (Star Brand, Goudas Food	69±3	150	28
	Products, Canada)
	mean of five studies	60±3	150	25
	Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties
522	Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time	68±6	150	25
	(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
523	Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time	75±7	150	28
	(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
524	Long grain, white, pre-cooked, microwaved 2 min	52±5	150	19
	(Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, UK)
525	Long Grain White Rice in 90 Seconds, microwaved	76±7	150	44
	(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
526	Medium grain white rice, boiled 12 mins	75±8	150	29
	Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
	Rice porridge/Congee
527	Rice porridge (China)	69±6	150	23
528	Rice porridge (Australia)	88±5	150	13
529	Rice porridge, made from rice bran (China)	19±1	150	3
530	Rice porridge, made from black rice (China)	42±3	150	14
531	Rice porridge, made from Sticky rice (China)	65±7	150	21
	Rice, specialty rices
532	American, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK)	49±12	150	22
533	Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker	86±10	150	37
	(Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
534	Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain	48±5	150	20
	(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
535	Brown & Wild, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain	45±5	150	18
	Medley^TM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
536	Chicken Flavored Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's® Ready	46±4	150	18
	Whole Grain (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
537	Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker	98±7	150	31
	(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand)
	Jasmine rice, white
538	Jasmine Fragrant rice, white (SunRice brand,	89±4	150	37
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
539	Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker	109±10	150	46
	(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
540	Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice	49±3	150	21
	(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
541	Moolgiri white rice (Tajmahal Agro Industries, India)	54	150	17
542	Original Long Grain, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice	48±5	150	22
	(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
543	Red Raw rice, Sri Lankan, cooked in rice cooker	59±4	100 (dry)	46
	(Australia)
544	Roasted Chicken Flavored, Uncle Ben's® Ready	51±4	150	21
	Rice (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
545	Santa Fe, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain	48±6	150	18
	Medley^TM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
546	Spanish Style, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice (pouch)	51±4	150	22
	(Effem Foods, USA)
547	Vegetable Harvest, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole	48±5	150	17
	Grain Medley^TM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
	Rice, white low-amylose
548	Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers	83±13	150	36
	Co-op., Australia)
549	Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op.,	87±7	150	37
	Australia)
550	Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	88±11	150	38
551	Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)	93±11	150	40
	Rice, white high-amylose
	Doongara, white (SunRice CleverRice^TM brand,
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
552	Doongara, white, cooked in rice cooker (2007)	48±4	150	19
553	Doongara, white (1995)	50±6	150	20
554	Doongara, white (2005)	54±6	150	21
555	Doongara, white (1995)	54±7	150	21
556	Doongara, white (1992)	64±9	150	25
	mean of five studies	54±3	150	21
	Basmati, white, boiled
557	Basmati, white, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK)	43±8	150	18
558	Basmati, white, boiled 12 min (Value, UK)	52±11	150	15
559	Basmati, white, organic, boiled 10 min (UK)	57±10	150	23
560	Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Australia)	58±8	150	22
561	Basmati, white, boiled (SunRice brand,	65±7	150	25
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
562	Basmati, white, boiled 8 min (UK)	69±6	150	28
	mean of six studies	57±4	150	22
	Basmati, white, quick cooking
563	Basmati, easy cook, boiled 9 min (UK)	67±11	150	28
564	Basmati, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK)	68±8	150	28
565	Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in	57±4	150	24
	microwave, Uncle Ben's Express® (Masterfoods, UK)
566	Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min,	60±5	150	23
	Uncle Ben's® Superior (Masterfoods, Belgium)
567	Japanese Style Sushi rice, white (SunRice brand,	85±10	150	33
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
	Japonica/Koshihikari rice
568	Japonica, short-grain brown rice (Japan)	62±5	150	26
569	Japonica short-grain brown rice,	54±5	150	22
	pre-germinated (Japan)
570	Japonica short-grain brown rice,	57±3	150	23
	pre-germinated (Japan)
571	Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain,	48±8	150	18
	boiled 15 min, then steamed 10 min (Japan)
572	Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan)	76±7	150	35
573	Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan)	75±6	150	34
574	Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica	64±5	150	27
	brown rice (ratio 1:2)
575	Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica	67±3	150	30
	brown rice (ratio 2:1)
576	Koshihikari rice, white (SunRice brand,	73±7	150	28
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
	Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
	(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
577	Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	68±6	150	27
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
578	Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	66±6	150	26
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
	Milled, white, high amylose rice
579	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	66	150	28
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
580	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	64	150	28
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
581	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	64	150	28
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
582	Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice,	43	150	18
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
583	Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice,	50	150	22
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
584	Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice,	53	150	23
	cooked in rice cooker 20 min (Philippines)
585	Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice,	55	150	24
	cooked in rice cooker 19 min (Philippines)
586	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	58	150	25
	cooked in rice cooker 14 min (Philippines)
	Rice, brown
587	Brown (Canada)	66±5	150	21
588	Brown, steamed (USA)^11,14	50	150	16
589	Brown rice, boiled in excess water for 25 mins	72±6	150	29
	(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
590	Brown rice (China)	87±2	150	29
591	Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)	87±8	150	33
592	Doongara brown, high amylose	66±7	150	24
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
593	Medium Grain Brown Rice in 90 seconds,	59±8	150	30
	microwaved on high (SunRice brand,
	Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
594	Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)	76±6	150	29
595	Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis®	64±7	150	23
	(Masterfoods, Belgium)
596	Sunbrown Quick^TM (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)	80±7	150	31
	Rice, brown, high-amlyose
597	Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min	58	150	24
	(Philippines)
	Instant/puffed rice
598	Instant rice, white, cooked 3 min (China)	46±3	150	19
599	Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min	87±7	150	36
	(Trice brand, Australia)
600	Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (China)	87±2	150	37
601	Puffed, white, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris®	74±5	150	31
	(Masterfoods, Belgium)
	mean of four studies	74±10	150	31
602	Instant Doongara, white, cooked 5 min	94±7	150	39
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
	Parboiled rice
603	Converted, white, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's®	38	150	14
	(Masterfoods, USA)
604	Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold	87±7	150	34
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
605	Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara	50±6	150	19
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
	Sticky rice
606	Rice, Sticky (China)	87±2	150	24
607	Rice, Sticky (China)	88±2	150	25
608	Rice, Sticky, high-amylose (China)	50±2	150	14
	Wheat
	Wheat, whole kernels
609	Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum)(India)¹⁴	30±9	50 (dry)	11
	Wheat, precooked kernels
610	Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min	52±4	50 (dry)	19
	(Ebly, Chateaudun, France)
611	Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France)	50±5	50 (dry)	17
612	Durum wheat, precooked in pouch,	40±5	125	16
	reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France)
613	Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, Australia)	54±11	150	25

	COOKIES
614	Apricot Temptation fruit cookies, 97% fat-free	47±4	25	8
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
615	Milk Arrowroot^TM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	69±7	25	12
616	Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France)	71±6	40	23
	Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (LU, Czech Republic)
617	Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2002)	46±4	50	16
618	Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2006)	46±3	50	16
619	Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate	57±9	50	19
	(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
	mean of three studies	50	50	17
620	Bebe Dobre Rano Coconut (LU, Czech Republic)	48±3	50	16
621	Bebe Dobre Rano Four Cereals (LU, Czech Republic)	51±4	50	17
622	Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts	51±9	50	17
	(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
	Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts & Honey (LU, Czech Republic)
623	Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2002)	41±5	50	14
624	Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2006)	45±4	50	15
625	Bebe Dobre Rano with Milk (LU, Czech Republic)	50±4	50	18
626	Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)	67±11	25	14
627	Better Choice Multicereals (LU, Denmark)	51±4	50	17
628	Better Choice Wholegrain (LU Denmark)	46±3	50	16
629	Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour	43	25	7
	(Philippines)
	Digestives
630	Digestives (UK)	39±5	25	6
631	Digestives (Canada)	59±7	25	9
632	Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands)	66±12	38	14
633	Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil)	28±5	30	6
634	Gran'Dia Chocolate with five cereals (Danone, Brazil)	39±8	30	8
635	Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France)	55±6	30	9
636	Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France)	50±5	30	7
637	Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands)	62±3	30	12
	Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel /
	Fruits and Muesli (LU, Hungary)
638	Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2002)	45±5	50	16
639	Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2003)	49±5	50	18
640	Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2004)	47±6	50	17
	mean of three studies	47	50	17
641	Highland Oatmeal^TM (Westons Biscuits, Australia)	55±8	25	10
642	Jo Reggelt Fruits and Figs (LU, Hungary)	41±6	50	14
643	Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2002)	44±3	50	15
644	Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2003)	45±4	50	15
	Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (LU Finland)
645	Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2002)	45±5	50	16
646	Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2003)	49±5	50	18
647	Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2004)	47±6	50	17
	mean of three studies	47	50	17
648	Jyväshyvä Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2004)	55±7	50	19
649	Jyväshyvä Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2006)	39±4	50	13
650	Jyväshyvä Paussi Wholegrain (LU Finland)	46±3	50	16
651	Leda Luxury gluten-free chocolate coated cookies	35±7	25	4
	(Leda Nutrition, QLD, Australia)
652	LU P'tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France)	42±5	50	14
	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat
	(LU, France)
653	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat	45±5	50	16
654	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat	49±8	50	18
655	LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat	52±3	50	18
	mean of three studies	49	50	17
656	LU Petit Déjeuner, Chocolate, low in sugar (LU France)	51±7	50	18
	LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (LU, France)
657	LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2003)	46±6	50	16
658	LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2006)	58±6	50	20
659	LU Petit Déjeuner Cereals & Chocolate Chips, low in	37±5	50	13
	sugar (LU France, LU Belgium, LU Czech Republic)
	LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate
	(LU, France)
660	LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2005)	55±6	50	19
661	LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2006)	51±7	50	17
	LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (LU France)
662	LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2002)	45±5	50	16
663	LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2003)	49±5	50	18
664	LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2004)	47±6	50	17
	mean of three studies	47	50	17
	LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips
	(LU France)
665	LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2003)	47±6	50	17
666	LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2006)	46±4	50	16
	LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals
	(LU France and LU Belgium)
667	LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals (2004)	55±7	50	19
668	LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals (2006)	39±4	50	13
669	LU Petit Déjeuner Multicereals (LU France, LU Belgium)	46±3	50	16
670	LU Petit Déjeuner with Fruits and Figs	41±6	50	14
	(LU France, LU Belgium)
671	LU Petit Déjeuner with Prunes (LU, France)	51±6	50	17
672	Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)	32	30	6
673	Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., New Zealand)	50±10	25	9
674	Morning Coffee^TM (Arnotts, Australia)	79±6	25	15
675	Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France)	57±4	35	13
676	Oat biscuit (UK)	45±7	25	7
677	Oat biscuit (China)	55±1	25	9
678	Oat biscuit, Nairn's^TM Stem Ginger Oat Biscuit	55	25	9
	(Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland)
679	Oatmeal (Canada)	54±4	25	9
680	Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	61±9	40	21
	Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (LU Poland)
681	Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2002)	45±5	50	16
682	Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2003)	49±5	50	18
683	Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2004)	47±6	50	17
	mean of three studies	47	50	17
684	Petit brun extra (LU, France)	77±12	25	15
685	Petit LU Normand (LU, France)	51±3	25	10
686	Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France)	48±4	25	9
687	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Cranberry	60±4	25	10
	Orange Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
688	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Crunchy	62±7	25	10
	Oat Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
689	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Ginger &	64±5	25	11
	Lemon Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
690	Prince Energie+ (LU, France)	73±5	25	13
691	Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France)	50±5	45	15
692	Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France)	53±5	45	16
693	Prince gout chocolat (LU, France)	53±5	45	17
694	Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain)	49±12	50	18
695	Prince Petit Dej Cereals (LU, France)	52±7	50	18
696	Prince Petit Dej Cereals and Chocolate (LU, France)	51±5	50	18
697	Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain)	45±6	50	16
698	Principe megamanana vanilla (LU, Spain)	45±6	50	16
699	Rich Tea (UK)	40±5	25	7
700	Rich Tea (Canada)	55±4	25	10
701	Sable des Flandres (LU, France)	57±10	20	8
702	Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia)	64±8	25	10
703	Shredded Wheatmeal^TM (Arnotts, Australia)	62±4	25	11
704	Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Apple and blackberry	43±3	35	11
	(Arnotts, Australia)
705	Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Spicy apple and sultana	45±3	35	11
	(Arnotts, Australia)
706	Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Wild berry (Arnott's, Australia)	52±3	35	13
707	Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mango and passionfruit	49±3	35	13
	(Arnott's, Australia)
708	Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mixed berry (Arnott's, Australia)	50±3	35	13
709	Snack Right Fruit Slice, Original Sultana (97% fat-free)	48±2	35	12
	(Arnott's, Australia)
710	Snack Right Fruit Slice, Sultana with chocolate	45±3	35	11
	(Arnott's, Australia)
711	The (LU, France)	41±7	25	8
712	Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France)	51±8	25	10
713	Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2002)	54±5	25	10
714	Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2006)	54±6	25	10
715	Vitasnella frollini (Saiwa, Italy)	59±10	25	12

	CRACKERS
716	Choice grain crackers (UK)	49±7	25	8
717	Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free	87±10	25	18
	(Real Foods, St Peters, Australia)
718	Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil)	65±11	25	11
719	High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia)	52±8	25	9
720	Jatz^TM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia)	55±5	25	10
721	Lees Cabin Crackers (Fiji)	60±5	25	11
722	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Ancient Grains	65±6	25	10
	snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
723	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Wheat & Onion	60±6	25	10
	snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
724	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Wheat & Sesame	56±7	25	9
	snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
725	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Wheat snack	65±7	25	11
	crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
726	Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia)	81±9	25	15
	Puffed rice cakes
727	Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)	82±11	25	17
728	Rice cake (China)	82±3	25	17
729	Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose)	91±7	25	19
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
730	Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose)	61±5	25	13
	(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
731	Puffed rice cakes, caramel flavored (USA)	82±10	25	18
732	Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)	91	30	23
733	Rye crackers with oats (UK)	64±11	25	10
734	Rye crackers with sesame (UK)	57±12	25	9
735	Ryvita® (Canada)	69±10	25	11
736	Ryvita® Pumpkin Seeds & Oats	46±7	25	6
	(George Weston Foods, North Ryde, Australia)
737	Ryvita® Sunflower Seeds & Oats	48±8	25	7
	(George Weston Foods, Australia)
738	Kavli^TM Norwegian Crispbread	71±7	25	12
	(Players Biscuits, Sydney, Australia)
739	Sao^TM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia)	70±9	25	12
	Water cracker
740	Water cracker (Canada)	63±9	25	11
741	Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia)	78±11	25	14
742	Wholegrain crackers with sesame seeds and	53±8	25	8
	rosemary (UK)
743	Wholewheat crackers with pumpkin and thyme (UK)	36±3	25	6
744	Wholewheat sticks, crunchy, yeast extract	50±8	25	7
	flavored (UK)
	DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
	Custard
745	Custard, low-fat, vanilla flavored (Nestlé, Australia)	29±4	100	3
746	No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder	35±2	100	6
	with whole milk (Nestlé, Australia)
747	Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch,	43±10	100	7
	and sugar (Australia)
748	TRIM^TM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd,	37±4	100	6
	Brisbane, Australia)
	mean of four studies	36±3	100	5
749	Custard, low-fat, trifle flavored (Nestlé, Australia)	30±3	100	2
	Creme Fraiche
750	Creme fraiche dessert, peach (Finest, UK)⁸	28±8	150	7
751	Creme fraiche dessert, raspberry (Finest, UK)⁸	30±7	150	5
	Fromage Frais
752	Fromage Frais, red fruit: blackcurrant⁸	22±5	100	2
	(Healthy Living, UK)
753	Fromage Frais, red fruit: raspberry⁸	31±8	100	2
	(Healthy Living, UK)
754	Fromage Frais, red fruit: red cherry⁸	25±6	100	2
	(Healthy Living, UK)
755	Fromage Frais, red fruit: strawberry⁸	29±9	100	2
	(Healthy Living, UK)
756	Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mandarin and orange⁸	19±6	100	1
	(Healthy Living, UK)
757	Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mango and papaya⁸	25±7	100	2
	(Healthy Living, UK)
758	Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: passionfruit and pineapple⁸	18±5	100	1
	(Healthy Living, UK)
759	Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: peach and apricot⁸	22±5	100	1
	(Healthy Living, UK)
760	Fruche®, low-fat, apricot vanilla honey	34±5	150	8
	(National Foods Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)
761	Fruche®, low-fat, berry compote	37±6	150	8
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
762	Fruche®, low-fat, duet peach on pineapple	34±5	150	8
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
763	Fruche®, low-fat, lemon sorbetto	34±3	150	7
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
764	Fruche®, low-fat, orange sorbetto	34±3	150	7
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
765	Fruche®, low-fat, peach roulade	37±6	150	8
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
766	Fruche® on Fruit, low-fat, toffee apple	47±6	150	16
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
767	Ice cream, low carbohydrate, chocolate (Australia)⁷	32±7	50	1
768	Ice fruit confection, Frosty Fruits® Orange	59±4	50	7
	Mango Splits (Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
	Ice cream, Regular/type NS
769	Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)²⁴	57	50	6
	Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
770	Chocollo^TM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice cream	24±6	50	3
	(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
771	Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Creamy vanilla	36±5	50	7
	(Regal Cream Products, VIC, Australia)
772	Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy chocolate	27±3	50	3
	(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
773	Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy English	27±3	50	3
	toffee (Regal Cream Products, Australia)
774	Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy mango	30±4	50	4
	(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
775	Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light'	46	50	7
	(Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
776	Ice cream, low-fat, Light & Creamy, Raspberry Ripple	55±3	50	9
	(Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
777	Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Light Prestige⁸	47±5	50	5
	rich vanilla (Norco, Australia)
778	Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Light Prestige⁸	37±4	50	5
	traditional toffee (Norco, Australia)
779	Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige⁸	37±3	50	4
	golden macadamia (Norco, Australia)
	Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
780	Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat	37±3	50	4
	(Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia)
781	Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat	38±3	50	3
	(Sara Lee, Australia)
782	Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Australia)	61±6	100	33
	Milk, full-fat
783	Full-fat (Italy)²⁴	11	250 mL	1
784	Full-fat (3% fat, Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)⁸	21	250 mL	3
785	Full-fat (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Sydney, Australia)²⁵	31±2	250 mL	4
786	Full-fat (Canada)	34±6	250 mL	4
787	Full-fat, pasteurised, fresh, organic (Arla, UK)⁸	34±6	250 mL	4
788	Full-fat (USA)⁸	41±2	250 mL	5
789	Full-fat, standardised homogenised, pasteurised,	46±10	250 mL	5
	British (Dairycrest, UK)⁸
	mean of seven studies	31±4	250 mL	4
790	Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, langfil, 3% fat)	11	-	-
	(Arla, Gavle, Sweden)⁸
791	Fermented cow's milk (filmjolk, 3% fat)	11	-	-
	(Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)⁸
792	Full-fat milk + 20g wheat bran (Italy)²⁴	28	250 mL	3
	Milk, full-fat, flavored
793	Banana, honey and malt flavored milk (Australia)	31±4	250 mL	8
794	Masters® mocha milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)	32±4	250 mL	9
	Milk, reduced-fat
795	Milk, reduced fat (1.4%) (Lite White^TM,	30±6	250 mL	4
	Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)²⁵
796	Milk, semi-skimmed, British (Dairycrest, UK)⁸	25±6	250 mL	3
797	Milk, semi-skimmed, pasteurised, organic (Arla, UK)⁸	34±8	250 mL	4
	mean of three studies	30	250 mL	4
798	Milk, reduced fat with added omega 3	23±3	250 mL	3
	(Take Care^TM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)²⁵
799	Milk, reduced fat (98% fat free) with added omega 3	27±6	250 mL	4
	(Farmers Best^TM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)²⁵
	Milk, reduced- or low-fat, flavored
800	Big M^TM flavored milk, chocolate or strawberry	37±4	250 mL	9
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
801	Masters® Light, 99% fat free chocolate or mocha milk	27±5	250 mL	6
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
802	Masters®, reduced fat, chocolate or strawberry milk	35±5	250 mL	9
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
803	Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite White^TM	24±6	250 mL	3
	(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
804	Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite White^TM	34±4	250 mL	9
	(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
	Rush® flavored milk (Parmalat Australia Ltd,
	South Brisbane, Australia)
805	Rush® Heavenly Vanilla Malt milk	31±4	250 mL	7
806	Rush® Intense Coffee milk	24±3	250 mL	5
807	Rush® Ultimate Chocolate milk	26±5	250 mL	5
808	Rush® Wicked Latte milk	26±3	250 mL	5
	Milk, skim/low-fat
809	Pura^TM HiLo milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)	20±5	250 mL	3
810	Pura^TM Skimmer milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)	20±5	250 mL	3
811	Milk, skim, made from powder (Arla Foods, Sweden)^8,9	27	250 mL	3
812	Pura^TM Light Start milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)	30±5	250 mL	4
813	Pura^TM Tone milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)	30±5	250 mL	5
814	Milk, skim (Canada)	32±5	250 mL	4
815	Milk, skim (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)²⁵	32±6	250 mL	4
816	Milk, skim (USA)	32	250 mL	4
817	Milk, skim (USA)⁸	37±3	250 mL	5
818	Milk, skimmed, pasteurised, British (Dairycrest, UK)⁸	48±15	250 mL	6
819	Shape^TM milk, fat free (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)²⁵	34±3	250 mL	6
	mean of eleven studies	31±2	250 mL	4
820	Milkshake, made from Chocollo^TM, low-fat chocolate	21±4	250 mL	6
	ice cream, skim milk and malted milk powder
	(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
	Mousse, prepared
821	Nestlé Combo mousse (Nestlé, Australia)	42±5	70	5
822	Nestlé Milo flavored mousse (Nestlé, Australia)	46±3	70	6
	Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from
	commerical mousse mix with water
823	Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
824	Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	31±4	50	3
825	Citrus (Nestlé, Australia)	47±5	50	14
826	Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±4	50	4
827	Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	33±5	50	4
828	Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	36±5	50	4
829	Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia)	32±3	50	3
	mean of seven foods	36±2	50	4
	Pudding, instant (White Wings, Australia)
830	Chocolate, made from powder and whole milk	47±4	100	7
831	Vanilla, made from powder and whole milk	40±4	100	6
	Pudding, made from dairy and rice, Yoplait^TM
	Le Rice® (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
832	Le Rice®, Apple & Cinnamon flavor	52±4	180	20
833	Le Rice®, Apricot & Almond Muesli flavor	45±4	180	18
834	Le Rice®, Caramel flavor	41±6	180	16
835	Le Rice®, Forest Berries flavor	45±4	180	16
836	Le Rice®, Raspberry & Apple flavor	52±4	180	20
837	Le Rice®, Strawberry flavor	54±6	180	21
838	Le Rice®, Tropical Mango flavor	54±6	180	20
839	Le Rice®, Vanilla flavor	43±4	180	16
	mean of eight foods	48±2	180	18
	Yoghurt
840	Jalna Bush Honey Bio Dynamic yoghurt	26±3	200	3
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, VIC, Australia)²⁵
841	Jalna Premium Vanilla Creamy yoghurt	18±4	200	3
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
842	Yoghurt, black cherry (Finest, UK)⁸	17±3	200	2
843	Yoghurt, black cherry (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸	67±15	200	8
844	Yoghurt, bourbon vanilla (Finest, UK)⁸	64±14	200	20
845	Yoghurt, champagne rhubarb (Finest, UK)⁸	49±12	200	19
846	Yoghurt, Devonshire fudge (Finest, UK)⁸	37±7	200	13
847	Yoghurt, Greek style, honey topped (UK)⁸	36±7	200	12
848	Yoghurt, lemon curd (Finest, UK)⁸	67±14	200	30
849	Yoghurt, orange blossom (Finest, UK)⁸	42±11	200	17
850	Yoghurt, peach & apricot (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸	28±6	200	5
851	Yoghurt, peach melba (Value, UK)⁸	57±5	200	18
852	Yoghurt, raspberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸	43±8	200	7
853	Yoghurt, red fruit: Morello cherry⁸	35±6	200	4
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸
854	Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and black cherry	37±8	200	5
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸
855	Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and cranberry	42±12	200	11
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸
856	Yoghurt, Scottish raspberry (Finest, UK)⁸	32±7	200	13
857	Yoghurt, strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸	30±6	200	5
858	Yoghurt, strawberry and cream (Finest, UK)⁸	41±6	200	16
859	Yoghurt, summer fruit: apricot⁸	11±4	200	1
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
860	Yoghurt, summer fruit: peach and vanilla⁸	26±7	200	3
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
861	Yoghurt, summer fruit: raspberry⁸	28±5	200	3
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
862	Yoghurt, summer fruit: strawberry⁸	36±9	200	5
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
863	Yoghurt, toffee (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁸	41±11	200	7
864	Yoghurt, tropical fruit: guava and passionfruit⁸	24±7	200	3
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
865	Yoghurt, tropical fruit: mango⁸	32±8	200	4
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
866	Yoghurt, tropical fruit: peach and apricot⁸	27±6	200	3
	(Healthy Living Light, UK)
867	Yoghurt, tropical pineapple⁸ (Healthy Living Light, UK)	38±7	200	5
868	Yoghurt, Valencia orange⁸ (Finest, UK)	34±7	200	11
869	Yoghurt, vanilla⁸ (Healthy Living Light, UK)	47±13	200	7
870	Yoghurt, white peach⁸ (Finest, UK)	54±12	200	17
	Yoghurt, frozen, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	brand (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
871	Mochaccino frozen yoghurt	51±5	125	11
872	Strawberry Banana frozen yoghurt	55±6	125	11
873	Vanilla frozen yoghurt	46±5	125	10
	mean of three foods	51	125	11
	Low-fat yoghurt
874	Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, Ski^TM	14±4	200	2
	(Dairy Farmers, Australia)
875	Low-fat, fruit, sugar, Ski^TM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)	33±7	200	10
876	Low-fat, sugar-sweetened, strawberry classic,	33±5	200	10
	Yoplait^TM Lite (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
877	Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'lite^TM,	31±14	200	9
	Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
878	Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Blueberry (Nestlé, Australia)	32±4	200	4
879	Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Mixed Berry (Nestlé, Australia)	28±4	200	3
880	Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Peaches & Cream	28±3	200	3
	(Nestlé, Australia)
881	Low-fat, apricot (UK)⁸	42±6	200	12
882	Low-fat, black cherry (UK)⁸	41±5	200	11
883	Low-fat, hazelnut (UK)⁸	53±9	200	15
884	Low-fat, peach melba (Value, UK)⁸	56±11	200	16
885	Low-fat, raspberry (UK)⁸	34±6	200	10
886	Low-fat, strawberry (UK)⁸	61±11	200	18
	Vaalia®, low-fat, sugar sweetened yoghurt
	(Pauls Ltd, Australia)
887	Heavenly Honey flavor	32±4	200	11
888	Lemon Creme flavor	43±6	200	17
889	Luscious Berries flavor	29±2	200	9
890	Passionfruit flavor	32±3	200	11
891	Strawberry flavor	28±3	200	8
	mean of five foods	33±3	200	11
	Natural yoghurt
892	Fat-Free Natural yoghurt	19±5	200	2
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)²⁵
893	Greek Style yoghurt, Premium blend	12±4	200	1
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)²⁵
894	Leben European Style yoghurt	11±5	200	1
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)²⁵
895	Yoghurt, low fat, natural (UK)⁸	35±10	200	12
	mean of four foods	19±6	200	3
	Non-fat yoghurt
896	Passionfruit yoghurt, fat-free (Jalna Dairy Foods,	27±4	200	5
	Australia)
	Diet Vaalia^TM, sweetened with acesulfame K
	and Splenda
897	Diet Vaalia^TM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸	23±2	200	4
898	Diet Vaalia^TM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸	23±2	200	3
899	Diet Vaalia^TM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸	25±3	200	3
900	Diet Vaalia^TM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸	23±2	200	3
901	Diet Vaalia^TM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia)⁸	23±2	200	3
	mean of five foods	23±1	200	3
	Ski^TM, non-fat, sugar sweetened
902	Ski^TM, Honey flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)	40±2	200	14
903	Ski^TM, vanilla flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)	40±4	200	12
	Yoplait^TM, non-fat, artificially sweetened yoghurts
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
904	Yoplait^TM No Fat berry fruit flavors⁸	16±3	200	2
905	Yoplait^TM No Fat Strawberry Classic flavor⁸	19±3	200	2
906	Yoplait^TM No Fat tropical fruit flavors⁸	20±4	200	3
907	Yoplait^TM No Fat yoghurt, various flavors⁸	18±3	200	3
	mean of four foods	18±1	200	2
	Probiotic yoghurt
908	Yoghurt, probiotic, prune (UK)⁸	44±10	200	13
909	Yoghurt, probiotic, raspberry (UK)⁸	45±10	200	13
910	Yoghurt, probiotic, strawberry (UK)⁸	52±14	200	15
	mean of three foods	47	200	14
	Reduced-fat yoghurt
911	Reduced-fat, Vaalia^TM, apricot & mango	26±4	200	8
	(Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸
912	Reduced-fat, Vaalia^TM, french vanilla	26±4	200	3
	(Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸
913	Reduced-fat, Extra-Lite^TM, strawberry	28±4	200	9
	(Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸
914	Reduced-fat, strawberry (Czech Republic)	43±5	200	14
915	Reduced-fat, Yoplait^TM Lite, berry fruit flavors	25±3	200	9
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
916	Reduced-fat, Yoplait^TM Lite, tropical fruit flavors	37±3	200	12
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
917	Reduced-fat, Yoplait^TM Lite, various flavors	27±2	200	9
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
918	Reduced-fat, Yoplait^TM Lite, Fruit Salad flavor	32±5	200	9
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
	Yoghurt drinks
919	Probiotic drink, cranberry (UK)⁸	56±9	250 mL	17
920	Probiotic drink, orange (UK)⁸	30±8	250 mL	10
921	Probiotic drink, original (UK)⁸	34±5	250 mL	11
922	Vitalise Multivitamin Cultured Milk Fruit Drink	24±5	250 mL	4
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
923	Wildberry Yoghourt on the Go	19±4	250 mL	4
	(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
924	Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, Vaalia^TM, tropical	38±4	250 mL	14
	passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia)⁸
	Soy-based dairy product alternatives
	Soy milks
925	Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Original, 0 mg calcium,	44±5	250 mL	8
	with maltodextrin, (So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
926	Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Calciforte, 120 mg calcium,	36±4	250 mL	6
	with maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸ (2000)
927	Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte	41±4	250 mL	6
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸ (2006)
928	Soy milk, Vitasoy® Organic (National Foods Ltd,	43±3	250 mL	7
	Australia)⁸
929	Soy milk, Vitasoy® So Milky Regular	21±5	250 mL	2
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
930	Soy milk, low-fat (0.7%), Vitasoy® Light Original	45±5	250 mL	4
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
931	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® So Milky Lite	17±3	250 mL	1
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
932	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light,	44±3	250 mL	8
	containing maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
933	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.8%), 120 mg calcium, Vitasoy®	18±3	250 mL	2
	Premium Vitality+ (National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
	Soy milk drinks
934	Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's Choice®	40±5	250 mL	11
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
935	Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice®	15±4	250 mL	1
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
936	Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice®	28±3	250 mL	4
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
937	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® Lush,	31±3	250 mL	6
	Chocolate (National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
938	Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® Lush, Vanilla	31±3	250 mL	5
	(National Foods Ltd, Australia)⁸
939	Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat	30±3	250 mL	7
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
940	Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat	34±3	250 mL	8
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸
941	Up & Go^TM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal	43±5	250 mL	11
	liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)⁸
942	Up & Go^TM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal	46±5	250 mL	11
	liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)⁸
943	Xpress^TM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal, legume extract	39±2	250 mL	13
	drink with fructose)⁸ (So Natural Foods, Australia)
	Soy yoghurt
944	Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar	50±3	200	13
	(So Natural Foods, Australia)⁸

	FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
	Apples, raw
945	Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada)	39±3	120	6
946	Apple, dried (Australia)	29±5	60	11
947	Sliced Apples, canned, solid packed without juice	42±2	120	4
	(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
	Apricots
948	Apricots, raw, NS (Australia)	34±3	120	3
949	Apricot Halves canned in fruit juice (Langeberg	51±5	120	6
	and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
	Apricots, dried
950	Apricots, dried (Australia)	30±7	60	8
951	Apricots, dried, ready to eat (UK)	31±6	60	7
952	Apricots, dried, ready to eat, bite size (UK)	32±7	60	7
	mean of three studies	31	60	7
953	Apricot dried fruit snack (Australia)	42±3	15	5
954	Apricot & apple fruit strips, gluten-free	29±6	20	5
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
	Apricot jam/fruit spread
955	Apricot 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar	43±6	30	7
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
956	Apricot 100% Fruit Spread, Cottees^TM brand	50±6	30	9
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
957	Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams,	55±7	30	7
	Para Hills, Australia)
958	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Twice the Fruit	56±8	30	7
	Apricot spread (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	mean of four studies	51±3	30	8
	Banana, raw
959	Banana (Australia)	47±5	120	11
960	Banana (Canada)	62±9	120	16
961	Banana (South Africa)	70±5	120	16
962	Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz Kidz^TM	61±11	30	12
	(H J Heinz, Malvern, Australia)
963	Blackberry 100% Fruit Spread, Cottees^TM brand	46±5	30	8
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
964	Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe	35±5	30	7
	School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
965	Bluberries, wild (Wild Blueberries Association, Canada)	53±7	100	5
	Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
966	Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica)	47±5	120	10
967	Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 26 min (Jamaica)	60±9	120	17
968	Breadfruit, raw (Australia)⁸	68	120	18
969	Breadfruit, roasted on preheated charcoal (Jamaica)	72±8	120	20
	mean of four studies	62±6	120	16
970	Cherries, dark, raw, pitted (Australia)²⁵	63±6	120	9
971	Cherries, sour, pitted, canned (Always Fresh brand,	41±5	120	9
	Australia)⁸
972	Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia)	54±2	120	10
	Dates
973	Dates, Barhi variety, dried and vacuum packed	50±6	60	22
	(United Arab Emirates)
974	Dates, Bo ma'an variety, dried and vacuum packed	31±5	60	14
	(United Arab Emirates)
975	Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) variety	47±5	60	14
	(United Arab Emirates)
976	Dates, Khalas (Tamer, sun dried stored in traditional	45±8	60	20
	Bedu manner) variety (United Arab Emirates)
977	Dates, Khalas variety, dried and vacuum packed	36±3	60	16
	(United Arab Emirates)
	mean of five studies	42±4	60	18
978	Divine Date spread (Buderim Ginger, Buderim, QLD,	29±4	25	5
	Australia)
979	Figs, dried, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand	61±6	60	16
	(Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, Australia)
980	Fruit Salad canned in fruit juice, containing peach,	54±3	120	6
	pear, apricot, pineapple and cherries
	(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
	Ginger
981	Ginger, candied, sucrose-free	10±4	25	2
	(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
982	Ginger Spread, sucrose-free	10±2	25	2
	(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
983	Original Ginger marmalade	50±7	25	9
	(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
984	Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia)	59	120	11
985	Grape Nectar (Chateau Barrosa, Lyndoch,	52±5	20	8
	SA, Australia)
986	Grapefruit, ruby red segments, canned in juice	47±5	120	10
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
987	Kiwi fruit (Australia)⁸	58±7	120	7
988	Lychee, canned in syrup and drained,	79±8	120	16
	Narcissus brand (China)
989	Mandarin segments, canned in juice	47±2	120	6
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
990	Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia)⁸	51±3	120	8
991	Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, Frutia^TM	42±3	100	10
	(Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Australia)
992	Mixed fruit, dried (Value, UK)	60±7	60	24
993	Nectarines, raw (Australia)⁸	43±6	120	4
	Oranges, raw
994	Oranges, type NS (South Africa)	33±6	120	3
995	Oranges, type NS (Canada)	40±3	120	4
995	Orange & Grapefruit segments, canned in juice	53±4	120	10
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
	Orange Marmalade
996	Marmalade, orange 100% Pure Fruit spread,	27±3	30	4
	no added sugar (Freedom Foods, Australia)
997	Marmalade, orange (Australia)	48±9	30	9
998	Breakfast Marmalade 100% Fruit Spread,	55±4	30	10
	Cottees^TM brand (Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
	mean of three foods	43	30	8
	Paw paw/papaya, raw
999	Paw paw (Carica papaya (Australia)⁸	56±6	120	5
	Peaches
1000	Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley	30±4	120	3
	brand, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Australia)
1001	Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd,	45±6	120	5
	Shepparton, Australia)
1002	Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ardmona Ltd,	46±4	120	6
	Shepparton, VIC, Australia)
	mean of three studies	40	120	5
1003	Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods,	58±11	120	9
	Hawthorn East, VIC, Australia)
1004	Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Homebrand,	64±3	120	12
	Yennora, NSW, Australia)
1005	Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite	62±9	120	11
	(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1006	Peach & Grapes, canned in natural fruit juice	46±5	120	6
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1007	Peach & Pineapple, canned in natural fruit juice	45±4	120	6
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1008	Peach, dried (UK)	35±5	60	8
1009	Peach & pear fruit strips, gluten-free	29±6	20	3
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
	Pears
1010	Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite	25±6	120	4
	(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1011	Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, Australia)	43±15	120	5
1012	Pear, dried (UK)	43±15	60	12
	Pineapple
1013	Pineapple, raw (Australia)⁸	66±7	120	6
1014	Pineapple pieces, canned in fruit juice	43±4	120	8
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1015	Pineapple pieces, canned in natural fruit juice	55±5	120	10
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1016	Pineapple & Papaya pieces, canned in natural juice	53±7	120	9
	(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1017	Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, USA)	29±4	60	10
	Raisins
1018	Raisins (Canada)	64±11	60	28
1019	Raspberry 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar	26±4	25	3
	(Freedom Foods, Australia)
1020	Raspberry 100% Fruit Spread, Cottees^TM brand	46±5	30	8
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
	Rockmelon/Cantaloupe
1021	Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)⁸	65±9	120	4
1022	Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)⁷	70	120	4
1023	Strawberries, fresh, raw (Australia)⁸	40±7	120	1
1024	Strawberry jam (Australia)	51±10	30	10
1025	Strawberry100% Fruit Spread, Cottees^TM brand	46±5	30	8
	(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
1025	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Twice the Fruit	69±12	25	6
	Spread - Strawberry & Rhubarb
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1026	Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit	29±4	30	7
	Company^TM, Washington, USA)
1027	Strawberry & wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe	40	30	8
	School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1028	Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars	90±12	30	23
	(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
	Sultanas
1029	Sultanas (Australia)	56±11	60	26
1030	Sultanas (Value, UK)	56±6	60	23
1031	Sultanas (UK)	58±11	60	24
	mean of three studies	57	60	25
1032	Tropical dried fruit snack (Australia)	41±3	15	5
1033	Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert	59±8	100	12
	(Nestlé, Australia)
	Watermelon
1034	Watermelon, raw (Australia)⁸	72±13	120	4
1035	Watermelon, raw (Australia)⁷	80±3	120	5
1036	Wild berry dried fruit snack (Australia)	35±4	15	4

	FRUIT JUICES
	Apple juice
1037	Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted	39±5	250 mL	10
	(Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, Australia)
1038	Apple juice, Granny Smith, unsweetened (Australia)	44±3	250 mL	13
1039	Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (The Wild	44±2	250 mL	13
	About Fruit Company, Wandin, VIC, Australia)
1040	Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened	37±3	250 mL	10
	(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1041	Apple and blackcurrant juice, no added sugar	45±4	250 mL	11
	(Berri Ltd, Australia)
1042	Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened	43±3	250 mL	14
	(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1043	Apple and mango juice, pure, unsweetened	47±5	250 mL	16
	(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1044	Apple, pineapple and passionfruit juice, unsweetened	48±5	250 mL	16
	(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1045	Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia)⁸	43±3	250 mL	10
	Cranberry juice
1046	Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray,	52±3	250 mL	16
	Melbourne, Australia)
1047	Cranberry juice cocktail	68±3	250 mL	24
	(Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)
1048	Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray®	56±4	250 mL	16
	(Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)
	mean of three studies	59	250 mL	19
	Orange juice
1049	Orange juice (Canada)	46±6	250 mL	12
1050	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Oh-Mega j Orange	48±4	250 mL	14
	juice beverage (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1051	Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate,	53±6	250 mL	9
	Quelch brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1052	Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate,	54±5	250 mL	11
	Mr Juicy brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
	mean of four studies	50±2	250 mL	12
1053	Prune juice (Golden Circle, Australia)	43±3	250 mL	15
	SuperJuice (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1054	SuperJuice Greenzone, containing apple, orange and	47±3	250 mL	12
	pineapple juice
1055	SuperJuice Immune, containing apple juice,	47±3	250 mL	12
	pineapple juice and guava puree
1056	SuperJuice Kickstart, containing apple juice,	39±3	250 mL	11
	blueberry puree and banana puree
	Tomato juice
1057	Tomato juice, low sodium, President's Choice® Blue	23±6	250 mL	2
	Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1058	Tomato juice, no added sugar (Campbell's Soup	33±3	250 mL	3
	Company, Camden, USA)
1059	Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar	38±4	250 mL	4
	(Berri Ltd, Australia)
	mean of three studies	31	250 mL	2

	INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS
	Formula
1060	Infasoy^TM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals,	55±6	100 mL	4
	Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia)⁸
1061	Karicare^TM gold starter formula with omega plus	35±5	100 mL	2
	LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand)⁸
1062	Nan-1^TM infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Australia)⁸	30±6	100 mL	2
1063	S-26^TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia)⁸	36±6	100 mL	3
	Weaning Foods
1064	Apple baby food (Czech Republic)	46±5	120	10
1065	Farex^TM baby rice, 7 g cereal with 80 g water	95±13	87	6
	(Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Australia)⁸
	Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months
	(Nutricia, Wells, UK)
1066	Apple, apricot and banana cereal⁸	56±8	75	7
1067	Creamed rice porridge⁸	59±8	75	5
1068	Rice pudding⁸	59±6	75	6
	Heinz for Baby from 4 months
	(Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1069	Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained⁸	67±11	120	5
1070	Sweetcorn and rice⁸	65±13	120	10
	Porridge/Gruel (Semper Foods AB, Sweden)
1071	Gruel (wholemeal wheat, rye, rice, wheat and oat flour),	47	250	12
	made with whole milk and water²⁴
1072	Porridge (rice & wheat flour), apple-pear flavored,	46	250	14
	made with whole milk and water²⁴
1073	Porridge (wholemeal wheat, oat, rice & wheat flour),	51	250	15
	fruit flavored, made with whole milk and water²⁴
1074	Porridge (rice and wheat flour), made with	54	250	16
	whole milk and water²⁴
1075	Rice porridge, made with whole milk and water²⁴	51	250	15

	LEGUMES AND NUTS
	Baked Beans
1076	Baked Beans, canned (Canada)	40±3	150	6
1077	Baked Beans, Heinz Vegetarian baked haricot beans	40	150	6
	(HJ Heinz Company, Dandenong, VIC, Australia)¹¹
1078	Baked Beans in Cheesy Tomato sauce	44±4	150	10
	(HJ Heinz, Australia)
1079	Baked Beans in Barbecue sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)	47±4	150	13
1080	Baked Beans in Ham sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)	53±4	150	13
1081	Baked Beans in Mild Curry sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)	49±5	150	11
1082	Baked Beans in Sweet Chilli sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)	46±3	150	12
1083	Baked Beans in Tomato sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)	40±5	150	8
1084	Baked Beans in Tomato sauce, canned, reheated in	57±7	150	13
	microwave for 1.5 min (HJ Heinz, Australia)
	Beans, dried, boiled
1085	Beans, dried, type NS (Italy)²⁴	37	150	11
	Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled
1086	Blackeyed beans (Canada)	33±4	150	10
1087	Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata),	52	150	16
	boiled (Nigeria)^11,14
1088	Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata), boiled,	38	150	11
	consumed with 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)^11,14
	Butter Beans
1089	Butter beans, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	36±3	150	8
	(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)⁸
1090	Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight,	26±7	150	5
	boiled 50 min (UK)
1091	Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight, cooked in	28±7	150	6
	salted water (South Africa)
1092	Butter beans (Canada)	36±4	150	7
	mean of four studies	32±3	150	7
1093	Cannellini beans, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	31±5	150	6
	(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)⁸
	Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
1094	Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked,	10	150	3
	boiled 35 min (Philippines)
1095	Chickpeas (Canada)	36±5	150	11
1096	Chickpeas, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	38±3	150	9
	(Simplot Australia, Australia)⁸
1097	Chickpea Hommus dip, Chris' Traditional brand	22±5	30	1
	(Capitol Chilled Foods Pty Ltd, ACT, Australia)⁸
1098	Four bean mix, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	37±5	150	9
	(Simplot Australia, Australia)⁸
	Haricot/Navy beans
1099	Haricot/Navy beans, boiled (Canada)	31±6	150	9
1100	Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada)	39	150	12
1101	Haricot beans, home-cooked, soaked overnight,	23	150	7
	boiled 1h in water, baked in tomato sauce 2 h¹¹
	(HJ Heinz, Australia)
	Kidney Beans
1102	Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn),	14	150	3
	soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines)
1103	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India)	19	150	5
1104	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red,	25	150	6
	soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden)
1105	Kidney beans (Canada)	29±8	150	7
	mean of four studies	22±3	150	6
1106	Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), autoclaved	34	150	8
1107	Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h,	70±11	150	17
	steamed 1 h (India)¹⁴
1108	Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked	20	150	5
	overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines)
1109	Dark Red Kidney beans, canned in brine, drained,	43±5	150	10
	Edgell's^TM brand (Simplot Australia, Australia)⁸
1110	Red Kidney beans, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	36±4	150	9
	(Simplot Australia, Australia)⁸
1111	Red Kidney beans, dried, soaked overnight,	51±5	150	12
	boiled 60 min (UK)
	Lentils
1112	Lentils, type NS (Canada)	29±3	150	5
1113	Lentils, brown, canned, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	42±5	150	9
	(Simplot Australia, Australia)⁸
1114	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia)	37±3	150	5
1115	Lentils, red, split, dried, boiled 25 min (UK)	21±7	150	4
1116	Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada)	47±3	150	9
	Mung beans
1117	Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked,	31	150	5
	boiled 20 min (Philippines)
1118	Mung bean, fried (Australia)	53±8	150	9
1119	Mung bean, germinated (Australia)	25±4	150	4
1120	Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia)	42±5	150	7
1121	Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked,	22	150	4
	boiled 45 min (Philippines)
	Pinto beans
1122	Pinto beans, steamed (USA)^11,14	33	150	8
1123	Refried Pinto beans, Casa Fiesta^TM brand	38±3	150	10
	(Capital Foods Pty Ltd, Australia)
	Soya beans
1124	Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	15±5	150	1
1125	Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia)	20±3	150	1
1126	Soya beans, canned (Canada)	14±2	150	1
1127	Soya beans, canned in brine, drained, Edgell's^TM brand	14±3	150	1
	(Simplot Australia, Australia)⁷
1128	Split peas, yellow, dried, soaked overnight,	25±6	150	3
	boiled 55 min (UK)

	MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
	MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
1129	Chocolate, lactose-free, weight management drink (UK)²⁴	29±10	250 mL	6
1130	Chocolate weight management bar	29±4	31	4
	(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA)
1131	Chocolate weight management drink (UK)²⁴	23±5	250 mL	4
1132	Chocolate weight management drink (UK)²⁴	39±8	250 mL	7
1133	Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks,	42±7	50	9
	South Yarra, Australia)
1134	InZone^TM nutritious beverage powder, prepared	28±5	250 mL	2
	with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1135	Juice Plus+® Complete meal replacement powder,	35±5	250 mL	7
	Dutch chocolate flavor (Australia)
1136	Juice Plus+® Complete meal replacement powder,	32±4	250 mL	6
	French vanilla flavor (Australia)
	Lean Cuisine^TM frozen convenience meals
	(Nestlé, Australia)
1137	French style chicken with rice, reheated⁸	36±6	280	17
1138	Honey Soy Beef with Wholemeal Noodles, reheated	53±4	280	19
1139	Burmese Vegetable Curry & rice, reheated	49±6	280	20
1140	Chicken Pomodoro, reheated	46±8	280	17
	L.E.A.N^TM products (Usana Inc.,
	Salt Lake City, UT, USA)
1141	L.E.A.N Fibergy^TM bar, Harvest Oat	45±4	50	13
1142	Nutrimeal^TM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate	26±3	250	3
1143	L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar^TM, Peanut Crunch	30±4	40	6
1144	L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar^TM, Chocolate Crunch	32±4	40	6
1145	Lemon weight management bar	23±4	31	3
	(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1146	Lemon weight management bar (UK)²⁴	32±8	50	7
1147	Malt toffee weight management bar (UK)²⁴	43±7	50	10
1148	Peanut Butter weight management bar	22±4	31	3
	(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1149	Provide^TM nutritious beverage powder,	28±5	250 mL	2
	prepared with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1150	ReduceXS^TM Chocolate Deluxe formulated meal	10±6	250 mL	1
	replacement powder, prepared with water (Australia)⁸
1151	SICCON D2^TM nutritious beverage powder, prepared	28±5	250 mL	2
	with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
	SlimFast® weight management products
	SlimFast® bars
1152	SlimFast® chocolate caramel meal replacement bar	54±3	50	18
	(SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1153	SlimFast® chocolate meal replacement bar	27±3	50	6
	(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1154	SlimFast® Chocolate Muesli snack bar	49±6	50	16
	(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
	SlimFast® beverages
1155	SlimFast® Double Chocolate meal replacement powder,	36±4	50	17
	prepared with skim milk (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1156	SlimFast® French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake	37±5	250 mL	10
	(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, NJ, USA)
1157	SlimFast® meal replacement powder, prepared	35±6	250 mL	12
	with skim milk (Unilever Australasia, Australia)
1158	SlimFast® Strawberry Supreme ready-to-drink shake	33±3	250 mL	10
	(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
	SlimFast® meals
1159	SlimFast® Garden vegetable soup with	20±2	250 mL	5
	peppers and croutons (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1160	SlimFast® Pasta Florentina meal (SlimFast Foods, UK)	53±5	250	12
1161	Tony Ferguson's Meal Replacement Shake,	22±2	250 mL	6
	all flavors, prepared with water (Australia)
	Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate
	products (2000 formulations) (Worldwide Sport
	Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
1162	Designer chocolate, sugar-free⁸	14±3	35	3
	Burn-it^TM bars
1163	Chocolate deluxe⁸	29±3	50	2
1164	Peanut butter⁸	23±3	50	1
	Pure-protein^TM bars
1165	Chewy choc-chip⁸	30±4	80	4
1166	Chocolate deluxe⁸	38±4	80	5
1167	Peanut butter⁸	22±4	80	2
1168	Strawberry shortcake⁸	43±4	80	6
1169	White chocolate mousse⁸	40±4	80	6
	Pure-protein^TM cookies
1170	Choc-chip cookie dough⁸	25±3	55	3
1171	Coconut⁸	42±5	55	4
1172	Peanut butter⁸	37±7	55	3

	MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
1173	Beef and ale casserole, convenience meal (Finest, UK)⁸	53±12	300	8
1174	Berrynice Yoghurt Crunch (low fat yoghurt,	43±5	216	15
	honey toasted oats, strawberries and blueberries)
	(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
	Burgers
1175	Fillet-O-Fish^TM burger (fish patty, cheese and tartare	66±10	128	20
	sauce on a burger bun)
	(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1176	Hamburger (beef patty, ketchup, pickle, onion and	66±8	95	17
	mustard on a burger bun)
	(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1177	Lean beef burger (lean beef patty, tomato, mixed	66±4	164	17
	lettuce, cheese, onion and sauce on a burger bun)
	(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1178	McChicken^TM burger (chicken patty, lettuce,	66±3	186	26
	mayonnaise on a burger bun)
	(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1179	Vege Burger (vegetable patty, lettuce, tomato and	59±8	100	14
	sweet chilli sauce on a burger bun) (Australia)
1180	Cannelloni, spinach and ricotta (UK)	15±4	300	8
1181	Chicken korma and peshwari rice, prepared meal	44±6	300	21
	(Finest, UK)
1182	Chicken korma and rice, convenience meal	45±9	300	21
	(Healthy Living, UK)
1183	Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in	46±4	100	7
	microwave oven 5 min (Savings,
	Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1184	Chicken McNuggets^TM consumed with sweet Thai	55±6	100	12
	chilli sauce (McDonald's, Australia)
1185	Chicken tikka masala and rice, convenience meal	34±7	300	21
	(Healthy Living, UK)
1186	Chilli beef noodles, prepared convenience meal	42±4	300	19
	(Finest, UK)
1187	Chilli con carne, made from haricot beans (Australia)	34±9	300	12
1188	Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal⁸	55±7	300	13
	(Healthy Living, UK)
1189	Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal	47±7	300	18
	(Serves One, UK)
	Continental^TM Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce
	(Unilever Australiasia, Epping, NSW, Australia)
1190	Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Cheesy, prepared	37±5	200	8
	with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1191	Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Carbonara,	39±4	200	9
	prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1192	Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Sun-dried Tomato,	43±6	200	10
	prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1193	Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Parmesan and Cracked	33±5	200	7
	Pepper, prepared with water, reduced-fat milk
	and margarine
1194	Cottage pie (UK)	65±8	300	22
1195	Cumberland fish pie (UK)	40±5	300	12
1196	Cumberland pie (UK)	29±6	300	11
1197	Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g),	37±5	215	19
	eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
	(United Arab Emirates)
1198	Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g),	29±4	185	15
	eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
	(United Arab Emirates)
1199	Dumpling, containing meat and shallots (China)	28±3	100	6
1200	Fajitas, chicken (UK)	42±14	300	18
1201	Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, home made	40±5	360	15
	(Australia)
1202	Instant mashed potato (McCain, McCain Foods, USA),	66	100	22
	eaten with 62 g cheese and 16 g butter (Canada)
1203	Kidney beans, (canned) with bacon and tomatoes	36±8	250	12
	(Australia)
1204	Kidney beans, (cooked from dried beans) with bacon	21±9	250	7
	and tomatoes (Australia)
1205	Lamb moussaka, prepared convenience meal⁸	35±8	300	10
	(Finest, UK)
	Lasagne
1206	Lasagne, beef (frozen) (UK)	47±7	300	17
1207	Lasagne, meat (Healthy Living, chilled, UK)	28±4	300	11
1208	Lasagne, type NS (Finest, UK)	34±8	300	10
1209	Lasagne, type NS (UK)	25±5	300	8
1210	Lasagne, vegetarian (UK)	20±6	300	10
1211	Lentil and cauliflower cury with rice (Australia)	60±10	300	25
1212	Lentil and cheese pie (Australia)	25±8	300	11
1213	Lentils and vegetables, steamed for 10 min then boiled	35	200	7
	for 10 min consumed with an orange (Chile)
1214	Mushroom stroganoff with rice (UK)	26±6	300	11
1215	Parboiled rice (Uncle Bens Converted, Mars, USA)	27	100	10
	consumed with 68 g cheese and 14 g butter (Canada)
1216	Pasta bake, tomato and mozzarella (UK)	23±4	300	10
	Pasta eaten with other foods
1217	Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled	28±3	-	-
	10 min in salted water, served with canned tuna (UK)
1218	Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled	27±4	-	-
	10 min in salted water, served with cheddar cheese (UK)
1219	Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled	40±5	-	-
	10 min in salted water, served with chilli con carne (UK)
1220	Spaghetti, beans & vegetables steamed for 25 min,	54	200	12
	consumed with an orange (Chile)
1221	Pies, beef, party size (Farmland,	45±6	100	12
	Grocery Holdings, Australia)
	Pizza
1222	Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat)	36±6	100	9
	(Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1223	Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2 % fat)	30±4	100	7
	(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1224	Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8 % fat)	49±6	100	12
	(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1225	Stone Baked Whole Wheat Pizza - Vegetable, Pesto	54±4	100	11
	and Feta Cheese, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Potato with added ingredients
1226	Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then	62±6	139	23
	baked 10 min, served with baked beans (89 g) (UK)
1227	Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then	76±7	112	20
	baked 10 min, served with canned tuna (62 g) (UK)
1228	Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked	39±5	112	10
	10 min, served with cheddar cheese (62 g) (UK)
1229	Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked	75±7	113	23
	10 min, served with chilli con carne (63 g) (UK)
1230	Potato noodles with meat (China)	17±3	300	8
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM convenience
	meals (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1231	Barley Risotto with Herbed Chicken (entree)	38±4	300	15
1232	4-Bean Salad, low-fat	13±3	100	1
1233	Cauliflower-Topped Shepherd's Pie (entree)	21±4	300	4
1234	Chicken Curry with Vegetables (entree)	26±8	300	3
1235	Deluxe Cheddar Macaroni & Cheese Dinner	34±6	60	13
1236	Ginger-Glazed Salmon (entree)	41±3	300	18
1237	Lentil and Bean Vegetable Patties	54±5	113	15
1238	Linguine with Shrimp Marinara (entree)	40±6	300	11
1239	Penne with Roasted Vegetables (entree)	39±5	300	17
1240	Rotini with Chicken Pesto (entree)	57±4	300	25
1241	3-Rice Bayou Blend Rice & Beans Sidedish	44±4	50	15
1242	4-Rice Pilaf Rice & Beans Sidedish	46±5	50	16
1243	Rice & Lentils Espana Sidedish	49±5	50	17
1244	Sesame Ginger Chicken with Vegetables (entree)	44±8	300	8
1245	Tomato and Herb Chicken (entree)	29±5	300	9
1246	Vegetable Ancient Grain Vegetable Patties	54±3	113	14
1247	Vegetarian Chili	39±6	300	11
1248	Yellow Curry Chicken (entree)	25±5	300	4
1249	Sausages and mash potato, prepared	61±7	300	25
	convenience meal (UK)
1250	Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed	66±12	360	35
	potato, homemade (Australia)
1251	Shepherds pie, prepared convenience meal (UK)	66±9	300	29
1252	Spaghetti bolognaise, home made (Australia)	52±9	360	25
1253	Steak and ale with cheddar mash potato⁸	48±12	300	12
	convenience meal (Finest, UK)
1254	Stuffed bun, with shallots and meat, steamed (China)	39±4	100	12
	Sushi
1255	Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)⁸	48±8	100	17
1256	Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
1257	Sweet and sour chicken with noodles, prepared	41±7	300	21
	convenience meal (Serves One, UK)
1258	Tandoori chicken masala & rice convenience meal	45±5	300	27
	(Finest, UK)
	White bread with accompaniments
1259	Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice white French roll	78±7	270	44
	(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
	yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1260	Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice Multigrain roll	67±6	270	32
	(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
	yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1261	Turkey & Cranberry Deli Choice Multigrain roll	63±5	200	34
	(turkey, lettuce, cranberry sauce, cheese and
	mayonnaise on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1262	White wheat flour bread, butter, cheese, regular milk	55	200	37
	and fresh cucumber (Sweden)⁸
1263	White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and	39	200	11
	pickled cucumber (Sweden)⁸
1264	White bread roll with cheese (UK)	50±5	100	20
1265	White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),	78	36	11
	consumed with 35 g butter^11,14
	(Burro Galbani, Cademartori, Lodi, Italy)
1266	White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),	20	36	3
	eaten with 35 g Mazola corn oil (CDC, Milan, Italy)^11,14
1267	White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),	20	36	3
	eaten with 35 g olive oil (Olio Sagra, Lucca, Italy)^11,14
1268	White bread consumed with margarine, eggs and	58±13	-	-
	orange juice
1269	White bread (30 g), toasted, served with	50±6	81	11
	baked beans (51 g) (Hovis, UK)
1270	White bread (30 g), toasted, served with cheddar	35±2	66	5
	cheese (36 g) (Hovis, UK)
1271	White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)	74	170	37
	(140 g), consumed with 30 g raw almonds (Canada)
1272	White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)	44	200	23
	(140 g), consumed with 60 g raw almonds (Canada)
1273	White bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries),	39	160	20
	(100 g), consumed with 60 g raw, unblanched almonds
	(California Almonds, USA)
1274	White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)	31	230	16
	(140 g), consumed with 90 g raw almonds (Canada)

	NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
1275	Choice_{d m} ^TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals,	23±4	237 mL	6
	Evansville, USA)
1276	Diasip®, diabetes-specific enteral formula⁸	12±3	250 mL	3
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1277	Diason®/Nutrison Diabetes, diabetes-specific enteral⁸	17±4	250 mL	5
	formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1278	Diben®, diabetes-specific enteral formula⁸	22±7	250 mL	5
	(Fresenius Kabi AG, Germany)
1279	Enercal Plus^TM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst	61±13	237 mL	24
	International Inc, Madison, USA)
1280	Ensure^TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell,	50±8	237 mL	19
	NSW, Australia)
1281	Ensure^TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	237 mL	16
1282	Ensure^TM bar, chocolate fudge brownie	43±3	38	8
	(Abbott Australasia)
1283	Ensure^TM Hospital, nutritional supplement powder,	51±5	250 mL	3
	prepared with water (Abbott Nutrition International)
1284	Ensure Plus^TM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)	40±4	237 mL	19
1285	Ensure Pudding^TM, old fashioned vanilla	36±4	113	9
	(Abbott Laboratories Inc, Ashland, USA)
1286	Fortimel® enteral formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁸	25±8	250 mL	6
1287	Glucerna Chocolate Graham nutritional	20±2	50	5
	supplement bar (Ross Nutrition, Canada)
1288	Glucerna, diabetes-specific enteral formula	15±3	250 mL	4
	(Abbott Laboratories Inc, USA)
	Glucerna enteral nutritional supplement, vanilla
1289	Glucerna^TM, vanilla flavor⁸	19±4	250 mL	4
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1290	Glucerna^TM, vanilla flavor⁸	20±4	250 mL	4
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1291	Glucerna^TM, vanilla flavor (Ross Nutrition, Canada)	26±2	250 mL	8
1292	Glucerna^TM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)⁸	31±2	250 mL	8
	mean of four studies	24±3	250 mL	6
1293	Glucerna Select, enteral nutritional supplement⁸	16±3	250 mL	2
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1294	Glucerna SR, diabetes-specific enteral formula	23±5	250 mL	6
	(Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)
1295	Inslow^TM (Abbott Nutrition International -Japan)⁸	25±3	250 mL	6
1296	Jevity^TM (Abbott Australasia)	48±3	237 mL	17
1297	Jevity^TM HiCal, enteral nutritional supplement	59±6	250 mL	27
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1298	Novasource Diabet®, diabetes-specific enteral formula⁸	26±5	250 mL	8
	(Novartis Consumer Health SA, Switzerland)
1299	Nutridrink (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁹	25	250 mL	12
1300	Nutridrink Multifiber, containing 2.3 g fiber/100 mL	22	250 mL	10
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁹
1301	Nutrison Mutli fiber® enteral formula⁸	28±10	250 mL	9
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1302	Nutrison Standard® enteral formula⁸	34±8	250 mL	10
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1303	Promote with fiber^TM nutritional supplement	49±8	237 mL	16
	(Ross Nutrition, USA)
1304	Prosure^TM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor	54±5	237 mL	20
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1305	Prosure^TM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor	55±5	237 mL	23
	(Abbott Nutrition International)
1306	Resource Diabetic^TM, French vanilla (Novartis	34±3	237 mL	8
	Nutrition Corp., Young America, USA)⁸
1307	Resource Diabetic^TM, Swiss chocolate	16±4	237mL	7
	(Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand)
1308	Resource^TM fruit beverage, peach flavor	40±8	237 mL	16
	(Novartis, New Zealand)
1309	Resource^TM thickened orange juice,	47±9	237 mL	18
	honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1310	Resource^TM thickened orange juice,	54±7	237 mL	19
	nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1311	Sustagen^TM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson,	31±4	250 mL	13
	Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, Australia)
1312	Sustagen^TM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made	33±4	250 mL	15
	from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)
1313	Sustagen^TM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from	27±3	250	13
	powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)
1314	Tapion^TM nutritonal supplement (Abbott Nutrition	27±5	250 mL	7
	International - Japan)
1315	TwoCal HN^TM, high nitrogen nutritional supplement,	55±5	237 mL	27
	vanilla flavor (Abbott Nutrition International)
1316	Ultracal^TM with fiber (Mead Johnson,	40	237 mL	12
	Evansville, IN, USA)

	NUTS
	Cashew nuts
1317	Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)⁸	22±5	50	3
1318	Cashew nuts (UK)⁸	25±6	50	3
1319	Cashew nuts, organic, roasted and salted (UK)⁸	25±12	50	3
1320	Cashew nut halves (UK)⁸	27±6	50	3
1321	Cashew nuts, roasted and salted (UK)⁸	27±9	50	3
	mean of five foods	25±1	50	3
1322	Mixed nuts and raisins (UK)	21±5	50	3
1323	Mixed nuts, roasted and salted (UK)	24±10	50	4
	Peanuts
1324	Peanuts, crushed (South Africa)⁸	7±4	50	0

	PASTA and NOODLES
1325	Buckwheat noodles (China)	59±1	180	25
1326	Buckwheat noodles, instant (China)	53±2	180	22
1327	Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods,	68±7	180	31
	Carrum Downs, VIC, Australia) (2007)
1328	Corn pasta, gluten-free	78±10	180	32
	(Orgran Natural Foods, Australia)
	Fettucine, egg
1329	Fettucine, egg (Australia)	32±4	180	15
1330	Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods,	47±6	180	22
	Rowville, Australia)
	Fusilli pasta twists
1331	Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK),	61±9	180	29
	boiled 10 min in salted water (UK)
1332	Fusilli pasta twists, dry pasta, boiled in 10 min	54±11	180	26
	in unsalted water (UK)
1333	Fusilli pasta twists, tricolour, dry pasta,	51±11	180	23
	boiled 10 min in unsalted water (UK)
1334	Fusilli pasta twists, wholewheat, dry pasta, boiled	55±8	180	23
	10 min in unsalted water (UK)
	mean of four studies	55±2	180	25
1335	Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK)	54	180	23
1336	Gnocchi, type NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd,	68±9	180	33
	Mt. Waverley, Australia)
	Instant noodles
1337	Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®	46±5	180	11
	(Nestlé, Australia) (1995)
1338	Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®	48±8	180	12
	(Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand)
1339	Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®, all flavors	52±7	180	13
	(Nestlé Australia) (2005)
1340	Instant noodles, all flavors (Woolworths Limited,	52±5	180	11
	Australia)
	mean of four studies	50±2	180	12
	Lasagne pasta sheets, boiled for 10 min
1341	Lasagne sheets, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water	55±8	180	26
	(Value, UK)
1342	Lasagne, egg, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water (UK)	53±9	180	23
1343	Lasagne, egg, verdi, dry pasta, boiled in	52±6	180	23
	unsalted water (UK)
	mean of three studies	53	180	24
	Linguine
1344	Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden)	43	180	21
1345	Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w	48	180	23
	monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden)
1346	Thin, durum wheat (Sweden)	49	180	23
1347	Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w	61	180	29
	monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
1348	Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden)	45	180	18
1349	Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and	53	180	22
	30% w/w egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
	mean of four studies	52±3	180	23
1350	Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread),	39±9	180	18
	dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China)
1351	Proti pasta, protein-enriched, boiled in water	28±1	180	14
	(Vital Nature Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA)
1352	Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, boiled (Australia)	39±1	180	15
	Rice noodles/pasta
1353	Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World,	61±6	180	23
	Bangkok, Thailand)
1354	Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled	40±4	180	15
	(Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1355	Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)	41	180	18
	rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
1356	Rice pasta, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)	51	180	24
1357	Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min	92±8	180	35
	(Rice Grower's Co-op, Australia)
1358	Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais	76±6	180	37
	(Orgran Foods, Australia)
	Spaghetti
1359	Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and Hi-Maize	51±5	180	25
	(high-amlyose) flour (Freedom Foods, Australia)
1360	Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea,	68±9	220	19
	canned in tomato sauce
1361	Spaghetti, 75% durum wheat flour and 25% chickpea	41	180	19
	flour boiled 10 min (Rio Dulce SA, Guadalajara, Spain)
1362	Spaghetti, soy (Revival Soy®, Physicians	47±7	180	17
	Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)⁸
	Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
1363	White, boiled for 10 min (Rio Dulce SA,	51	180	24
	Guadalajara, Spain)
1364	White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salt water	58	180	28
	(Barilla, Parma, Italy)¹⁵
1365	White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min	47	180	23
	(Starhushalls, Kungsornen AB, Jarna, Sweden)
1366	White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides,	53	180	25
	boiled 12 min (Sweden)
1367	White, boiled 15 min in salted water	44±3	180	21
	(Unico, Concord, ON, Canada)
1368	100% durum semolina spaghetti, boiled 15 min	41	180	19
	(Unico, Canada)
	mean of six studies	49±3	180	24
	Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min
1369	White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia)	58±7	180	26
	Spaghetti, white, boiled
1370	White (France)	39	180	18
1371	White (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)	46	180	22
1372	White (Unico, Canada)	48±3	180	23
1373	White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, Australia)	49±7	180	22
1374	White (Canada)	50±8	180	24
	mean of five studies	46±2	180	22
	Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina
	(Panzani, Marseilles, France)
1375	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min	59±15	180	28
1376	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min	65±15	180	31
1377	Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min	46±10	180	22
	mean of three cooking times	57	180	27
	Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled
1378	Wholemeal (Canada)	42±4	180	17
1379	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Whole Wheat	45±5	180	18
	spaghetti (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1380	Wholemeal pasta, dark durum wheat, boiled 10 min in	58	180	29
	salted water (Melia Ltd, Raisio, Finland)
1381	Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al dente texture	43±10	180	19
	(Vetta, Australia)
1382	Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free	29±6	180	9
	(Orgran Foods, Australia)
1383	Tagliatelle, egg pasta, boiled in water for 7 min (UK)	46±6	180	20
1384	Tagliatelle, egg, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK)	54±5	180	24
1385	Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic,	62±8	180	30
	Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)⁸
1386	Vermicelli, white, boiled, Vetta^TM (Australia)	35±7	180	16
1387	Wheat noodle, dried (China)	46±2	180	19
1388	Wheat noodle, fresh (China)	82±7	180	34

	SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
1389	Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	42	50	11
1390	Chick Pea chips (Freedom Foods, Australia)	44±7	50	8
1391	Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour	43	50	10
	(Philippines)
	Chocolate, dark
1392	Chocolate, dark, Dove® (M&M/Mars, USA)	23±3	50	6
1393	Chocolate, dark with raisins, peanuts and jam	44±5	50	12
	(Czech Republic)
	Chocolate, milk, plain
1394	Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium)⁸	34±5	50	7
1395	Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery,	49±6	50	14
	Ringwood, Australia)
1396	Chocolate, milk, Dove® (Mars Confectionery,	45±8	50	13
	Ballarat, Australia)
1397	Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)	42±8	50	13
	mean of four studies	43±3	50	12
	Chocolate, milk, artificially sweetened
1398	Chocolate candy, sugar free, Dove®	23±3	50	3
	(M&M/Mars, USA)⁸
1399	Chocolate, white, Milky Bar® (Nestlé, Australia)	44±6	50	13
1400	Cocoavia^TM Chocolate Covered Almonds	21±3	30	2
	(M&M/Mars, USA)⁸
1401	Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Crackers	54±6	50	17
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
1402	Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Pretzels	52±6	50	18
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
	Corn chips
1403	Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos^TM original,	42±4	50	11
	Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1998)
1404	Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos^TM original,	72	50	18
	Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1985)
	Chips or Crisps, made from flaxseed, corn or rice
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1405	Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Sea Salt	45±6	50	9
1406	Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Spicy	34±5	50	7
1407	Japanese Tamari Rice & Corn Crisps	91±6	50	35
1408	Japanese Wasabi & Honey Rice & Corn Crisps	82±7	50	32
1409	Thai Curry Rice & Corn Crisps	84±6	50	33
1410	Fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK)	15±3	50	4
	Fruit Bars
1411	Apple Fruit Bar, fat-free, President's Choice® Blue	90±13	40	27
	Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1412	Apricot and Almond bar (UK)	34±6	30	5
1413	Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling	50±8	50	17
	in wholemeal pastry) (Mother Earth, New Zealand)
1414	Apricot & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat	40±5	50	10
	and gluten-free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1415	Berry & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat	51±4	50	13
	and gluten free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1416	Berrylicious Trim Bar	46±4	50	8
	(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1417	Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe	35±5	30	7
	School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1418	Fig Fruit bar, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM	70±8	40	21
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1419	Fruit & Yogurt Apple Cinnamon Chewy Bars (Soy),	34±3	40	7
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1420	Fruit & Yogurt Cranberry Blueberry Bars (Soy),	33±2	40	7
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1421	Heinz Kidz^TM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Australia)	61±11	30	12
1422	Raspberry Fruit bar, fat-free, President's Choice®	74±11	40	23
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1423	Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Australia)	90±12	30	23
1424	Roll-Ups®, processed fruit snack	99±12	30	24
	(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1425	Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit	29±4	30	7
	Company^TM, Washington, USA)
1426	Strawberry & Wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe	40	30	8
	school straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
	Gelato
1427	Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, chocolate flavor	37±5	100	10
	(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
1428	Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, vanilla flavor	39±4	100	11
	(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
	Ice cream and cone
1429	Chocollo^TM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice	44±7	100	8
	cream eaten with a plain cone
	(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1430	Chocollo^TM, low-fat chocolate flavored	55±6	110	15
	ice cream eaten with a waffle cone
	(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1431	Jelly, made from commercial jelly crystals,	53±6	120	10
	Raspberry Razzle flavor
	(Aeroplane Jelly Company, West Ryde, Australia)
	Jelly beans
1432	Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestlé, Australia)	80±8	30	22
1433	Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings,	76±6	30	21
	Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1434	Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bar with M&M's Milk	52±4	50	18
	Chocolate Mini Baking Bits (M&M/Mars, USA)
1435	Kudos Whole-Grain bars, chocolate chip	62±8	50	20
	(M&M/Mars, Hackettstown, USA)
1436	Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bars,	45±6	50	14
	Peanut Butter flavor (M&M/Mars, USA)
1437	Licorice, soft (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)	78±11	30	16
1438	Life Savers®, peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia)	70±6	30	21
1439	M & M's®, peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	33±3	30	6
	Mars Bar®
1440	Mars Bar® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	62±8	60	25
1441	Mars Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)	68±12	60	27
1442	Marshmallows (Candy Lane, Australia)	62±6	30	15
1443	Milky Way® bar (M&M/Mars, USA)	62±8	60	26
1444	Milky Way® Lite bar (M&M/Mars, USA)	45±5	45	15
1445	Muesli bar, crunchy, containing dried apricot	61±7	30	13
	(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1446	Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain)⁹	32	30	4
1447	Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero	33±4	20	4
	Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia) (1997)
1448	Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread	30±4	20	4
	(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2003)
1449	Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread	25±4	20	3
	(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2007)
	mean of three studies	29	20	3
1450	Pirate's Booty, aged white cheddar extruded snack,	70±5	20	8
	made from corn and rice (Robert's American Gourmet,
	Sea Cliff, NY, USA)

	Popcorn
1451	Microwave Popping Corn, butter flavor, President's	72±8	20	9
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1452	Microwave Popping Corn, natural flavor, President's	58±8	20	7
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1453	Popcorn (China)	55±1	20	6
1454	Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven	55±7	20	6
	(Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)
1455	Poppin Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor	62±8	20	6
	(Green's Foods, Australia)⁸
1456	Poppin Lite Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor,	67±8	20	7
	50% reduced fat (Green's Foods, Australia)⁸
1457	Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven	89	20	10
	(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
	mean of seven studies	65±5	20	7
1458	Pop Tarts^TM, double choc (Kellogg's, Australia)	70±2	50	24
	Potato crisps
1459	Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada)	51±7	50	12
1460	Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Australia)	57	50	10
1461	Potato crisps (China)	60±2	50	12
	mean of three studies	56	50	12
1462	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM Original and	66±8	50	25
	Tomato Basil Vegetable Sticks
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Pretzels
1463	Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor	83±9	30	16
	(Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1464	Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor, 97%	84±6	30	20
	fat free (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1465	Puffed rice squares (Czech Republic)	77±5	30	19
1466	Skittles® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	70±5	50	32
	Snack bars
1467	Chewy Chocolate Chip & Marshmallow Granola Bar,	78±6	26	16
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1468	Chewy Cranberry Apple Granola Bar,	58±5	26	12
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1469	Chocolate Healtheries Simple bar, wheat and gluten	35±3	50	10
	free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1470	Chocolate Raspberry Zing^TM bar (Revival Soy®,	47±5	50	2
	Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)⁷
1471	Cocoavia^TM Chocolate Almond Snack bar	63±7	50	17
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
1472	Cocoavia^TM Cripsy Chocolate Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)	33±5	50	8
1473	ExtendBar^TM Apple Cinnamon Delight Bar	33±7	50	5
	(ExtendBar, USA)
1474	ExtendBar^TM Chocolate Delight Bar	41±6	50	7
	(ExtendBar, USA)
1475	ExtendBar^TM Peanut Delight Bar (ExtendBar, USA)	32±5	50	5
1476	Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	46	50	9
1477	Munch Peanut Butter bar (M&M/Mars, USA)	27±5	50	5
1478	Oat bar, made from oat flour and bran starch (Canada)⁹	59	50	14
1479	Peanut Butter Chocolate Pal^TM bar (Revival Soy®,	52±4	50	13
	Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)⁸
1480	60% Whole Wheat Fig Fruit bar, President's	72±6	50	26
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1481	Slimfast® Meal Options bar, rich chocolate brownie	64±13	50	21
	(SlimFast Foods Co, West Palm Beach, USA)
1482	Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc.,	40±8	50	12
	Omaha, NE, USA)
1483	Snack bar, Peanut Butter and Choc-Chip	37±6	50	10
	(Con Agra Inc., USA)
1484	Trim bar, Chocorama	31±3	50	4
	(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1485	Trim Bar, Mocha flavor (Aussie Bodies	25±3	50	3
	Pty. Ltd., Australia)
	Snickers Bar®
1486	Snickers Bar® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)	41±5	60	15
1487	Snickers Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)	43±4	60	15
1488	Snickers Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)⁹	68	60	23
	mean of three studies	51	60	18
	Soy Joy Fruit & Soy Bar® (Otsuka Pharmaceutical
	Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan)
1489	Apple Soy Joy Bar	19±2	30	2
1490	Apricot Soy Joy Bar	27±4	30	3
1491	Chocolate Orange Soy Joy Bar	41±7	30	5
1492	Mango Coconut Soy Joy Bar	28±2	30	3
1493	Plum + Fe Soy Joy Bar	25±3	30	3
1494	Plum + Folic acid Soy Joy Bar	27±2	30	3
1495	Raisin Almond Soy Joy Bar	28±4	30	3
1496	Sanzashi Soy Joy Bar	29±5	30	4
1497	Strawberry Soy Joy Bar	33±2	30	4
1498	Sunshine^TM soy protein chips, lightly salted⁸	87±8	50	23
	(Revival Soy®,Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)
1499	Tropical fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK)	49±7	50	14
1500	Twisties^TM, cheese-flavored, extruded snack,	74±5	50	22
	rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia)
1501	Twix® Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA)	44±6	60	17
1502	Yummiees lollies (Allseps Pty. Ltd., Australia)	43±3	15	2

	SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS
1503	Clif bar, Chocolate Brownie Energy bar	57±6	65	22
	(Clif Bar Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1504	Performance Chocolate Energy bar (Power Bar, USA)	53±6	65	22
	Power Bar® (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1505	Power Bar®, chocolate	58±5	65	24
1506	Power Bar®, chocolate⁹	53	65	22
1507	Ironman PR bar®, chocolate (PR Nutrition,	39	65	10
	San Diego, CA, USA)⁹
	SmartZone Nutrition Bar (Hershey's Food
	Corporation, Hershey, PA, USA)
1508	SmartZone Chocolate flavor	11±4	50	2
1509	SmartZone Chocolate flavor	16±3	50	3
1510	SmartZone Crunchy Blueberry flavor	15±3	50	3
1511	SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Brownie flavor	23±5	50	4
1512	SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Caramel flavor	16±4	50	3
1513	SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Peanut Butter flavor	14±3	50	3
1514	SmartZone Crunchy Key Lime flavor	14±3	50	3
1515	SmartZone Peanut Butter flavor	18±2	50	3
	Snickers® Marathon Energy Bar
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
1516	Chewy Chocolate Peanut flavor	36±5	50	9
1517	Cookies & Creme flavor	50±4	50	14
1518	Multi Grain Crunch flavor	50±4	50	14
1519	Peanut Butter flavor	34±5	50	8
	Snickers® Marathon Low Carb Lifestyle
	Energy Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
1520	Chocolate Fudge Brownie flavor	20±4	50	2
1521	Peanut Butter flavor	21±4	50	2
	Snickers® Marathon Nutrition Bar
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
1522	Dark Chocolate Crunch flavor	49±6	25	5
1523	Honey & Roasted Almond flavor	41±3	25	4
	Snickers® Marathon Protein Performance Bar
	(M&M/Mars, USA)
1524	Caramel Nut Rush flavor	26±3	50	6
1525	Chocolate Nut Burst flavor	32±4	50	6
	SoLo GI Nutrition Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
	Alberta, Canada)
1526	SoLo GI Berry Bliss Nutrition bar	29±5	50	6
1527	SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Nutrition bar	28±2	50	6
1528	SoLo GI Lemon Lift Nutrition bar	29±5	50	6
1529	SoLo GI Mint Mania Nutrition bar	23±3	50	5
1530	SoLo GI Peanut Power Nutrition bar	27±4	50	5
	SoLo GI Snack Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
	Alberta, Canada)
1531	SoLo GI Berry Bliss Snack bar	29±5	25	3
1532	SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Snack bar	28±2	25	3
1533	SoLo GI Lemon Lift Snack bar	29±5	25	3
1534	SoLo GI Mint Mania Snack bar	23±3	25	2
1535	SoLo GI Peanut Power Snack bar	27±4	25	3
1536	VO2 Max Chocolate Energy bar (M&M/Mars, USA)	49±8	65	22
1537	ZonePerfect Nutrition bar, Double Chocolate flavor	44±7	50	8
	(Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA)

	SOUPS
1538	Barley Vegetable Instant soup, low-fat,	41±3	250	11
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1539	Carrot soup, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM	35±4	250	5
	Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1540	Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)²⁴	46±6	250	8
1541	Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)²⁴	69±14	250	13
1542	Chicken & Vegetable with wholegrain pasta, Country	43±3	250	5
	Ladle® (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia)⁸
1543	Garden vegetable soup with peppers and croutons,	20±2	250	5
	SlimFast® (SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1544	Indian Lentil Instant soup, low-fat,	62±7	250	12
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1545	Lentil, ready-to-serve, President's Choice® Blue	57±9	250	11
	Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	Minestrone
1546	Minestrone, condensed, prepared with water	48±6	250	18
	(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1547	Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle®	39±3	250	7
	(Campbell's Soups, Australia)⁸
1548	Minestrone & Pasta Instant soup, low-fat,	54±3	250	22
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
	mean of three studies	47	250	15
1549	Mushroom Barley, ready-to-serve, President's Choice®	45±10	250	3
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1550	Pasta & Fagioli soup, ready-to-serve, President's	52±8	250	10
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1551	Pumpkin Soup, creamy, Heinz® Very Special^TM, with	76±7	250	14
	pumpkin, cream, potatoes (Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1552	Spicy Black Bean Instant soup, low-fat, President's	57±5	250	18
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1553	Spicy Black Bean with Vegetables soup,	46±5	250	12
	President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM
	(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1554	Spicy Thai Instant soup, low-fat, President's Choice®	56±4	250	17
	Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1555	Tomato soup, condensed, prepared with water	52±4	250	15
	(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1556	Tomato & Herb, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM	47±5	250	7
	Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1557	Vegetable soup (UK)²⁴	60±12	250	11
1558	Vegetable Couscous Instant soup, low-fat, President's	57±4	250	19
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1559	Vegetarian Chili Instant soup, low-fat, President's	36±4	250	10
	Choice® Blue Menu^TM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1560	Winter Squash, President's Choice® Blue Menu^TM	41±4	250	5
	Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)

	SUGARS AND SYRUPS
	Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
1561	Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose	11±1	10	1
	(Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry, CA, USA)⁸
1562	Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose	10±1	10	1
	(Western Commerce Corp., USA)⁸
1563	Premium Agave nectar (Sweet Cactus Farms, USA)	19±4	10	2
	mean of three studies	13	10	1
	Fructose
1564	25 g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc.,	11	10	1
	Toronto, Canada)⁸
1565	50 g portion (Sweeten Less, Canada)	12	10	1
1566	50 g portion (China)	23±1	10	2
	mean of three studies	15	10	2
	Glucose
1567	50 g portion (dextrose)	96	10	10
1568	50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd.,	96	10	10
	Toronto, Canada)
1569	50 g portion (Canada)	100	10	10
1570	50 g portion (Glucodin^TM glucose tablets, Boots,	102±9	10	10
	North Ryde, NSW, Australia)
1571	25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)⁸	103	10	10
1572	50 g portion (dextrose)	111	10	11
1573	100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)⁸	114	10	11
	mean of seven studies	103±3	10	10
	Glucose consumed with American ginseng
	(Panax quinquefolius L.)
1574	25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before	76	10	8
	3 g dried ginseng^8,27
	Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
1575	46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract	79±3	10	6
	(FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
	(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
1576	50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum	62	10	6
1577	50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat β-glucan)	57	10	6
1578	100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum^15,28	85	10	9
1579	75 g Glucose + 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)^11,14	86	10	9
1580	Golden Syrup (Australia)	63±6	25	13
	Honey
1581	Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia)⁸	35±4	25	6
1582	Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia)⁸	44±4	25	9
1583	Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia)⁸	46±3	25	8
1584	Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia)⁸	48±3	25	7
1585	Capilano Premium Honey, blend of eucalypt & floral	51±3	25	11
	honeys (Capilano Honey Limited, QLD, Australia)
1586	Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia)⁸	52±5	25	9
1587	Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia)	58±6	25	12
1588	Leabrook Farms Yellow box honey	60±4	25	13
	(Spring Gully Foods Pty Ltd, SA, Australia)
1589	Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend,	62±3	25	11
	Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)⁸
1590	Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia)⁸	64±5	25	10
1591	Clover honey, ratio of fructose: glucose, 1.09	69±8	25	15
	(Vazza Farms, Hermiston, OR, USA)
1592	Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend,	72±6	25	9
	Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)⁸
1593	Buckwheat honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.12	73±6	25	16
	(Vazza Farms, USA)
1594	Cotton honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.03	74±7	25	16
	(Gene Brandi Apiaries, Los Banos, CA, USA)
1595	Honey, NS type (China)	74±4	25	16
1596	Tupelo honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.54	74±8	25	16
	(Tropical Blossom Honey Co, Edgewater, FL, USA)
1597	Honey, NS (Canada)⁸	87±8	25	18
	mean of seventeen types of honey	61±3	25	12
	Lactose
1598	50 g portion (China)	46±1	10	5
1599	25 g portion (BDH, Poole, UK)⁸	48	10	5
	Maltose
1600	50 g portion (Canada)	105±12	10	11
1601	50 g portion (China)	105±2	10	11
1602	Maple flavored syrup (Cottee's Foods, Australia)	68±5	25	15
1603	Maple syrup, pure Canadian (Queen Foods, Australia)	54±6	25	10
	Sucrose
1604	50 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada)	58	10	6
1605	50 g portion (Japan)	60	10	6
1606	25 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)⁸	60	10	6
1607	50 g portion (South Africa)	65±9	10	7
1608	100 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)¹⁵	65	10	7
1609	50 g portion (China)	84±4	10	8
	mean of six studies	65±4	10	7

	VEGETABLES
1610	Broad beans, frozen, reheated in microwave	63±9	80	3
	(Logan Farm Pty Ltd, Australia)⁸
	Green peas
1611	Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)⁸	51±6	80	4
1612	Pea, green (Pisum Sativum) (India)¹⁴	54±14	80	4
	Pumpkin
1613	Butternut pumpkin, boiled (Australia)⁸	51±6	80	3
1614	Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), peeled, cubed,	66±4	80	12
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1615	Pumpkin, boiled in salted water (South Africa)	75±9	80	3
	mean of three studies	64	80	6
	Sweet corn
1616	Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)	37±12	80	6
1617	Sweet corn on the cob, boiled 20 min	48	80	8
	(Sydney, Australia)
1618	Sweet corn (China)	55±2	80	9
1619	Sweet corn, boiled (USA)	60	80	11
1620	Sweet corn (South Africa)	62±5	80	11
	mean of five studies	52±5	80	9

	Root vegetables
	Carrots
1621	Carrots, raw, diced (Australia)	35±5	80	2
1622	Carrots, raw, ground (Australia)	39±1	80	2
1623	Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)⁸	33±5	80	2
1624	Carrots, peeled, diced boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)⁸	49±2	80	2
	mean of four studies	39±4	80	2
1625	Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min,	94±11	120	36
	frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1626	Parsnips, peeled, boiled (Australia)⁸	52±5	80	4
	Potato
	Baked potato
1627	Potato, white with skin, baked (UK)	69±5	150	19
1628	Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled,	83±6	150	25
	baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1629	Pontiac, peeled and baked (Australia)	93±11	150	17
1630	Potato, white without skin, baked (UK)	98±8	150	26
	mean of four foods	86±6	150	22
	Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
1631	Russet, baked without fat (USA)	111	150	33
	Boiled potato
1632	Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min (Sweden)	78	150	20
1633	Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min, served with 15.4 g	92	150	24
	sunflower oil (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden)
1634	Charlotte, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)	66±5	150	15
1635	Charlotte, boiled (UK)	81±11	150	19
1636	Desiree, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	101±15	150	17
1637	Estima, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)	66±5	150	17
1638	Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, cubed,	59±4	150	19
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1639	King Edward potato, peeled, quartered,	75±10	150	21
	boiled 15 min in unsalted water (UK)
1640	Marfona potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min	56±3	150	18
	in unsalted water (UK)
1641	Maris Piper potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min	85±4	150	25
	in unsalted water (UK)
1642	Nicola potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)	59±7	150	9
1643	Nicola potato, unpeeled, boiled whole for 15 min	58±3	150	9
	(Australia)
1644	Pontiac, peeled, boiled whole for 30 min (Australia)	56	150	14
1645	Pontiac, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	88±9	150	16
1646	Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min (Sweden)	118	150	24
1647	Sebago, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)	87±7	150	14
	Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
1648	Type NS, boiled (China)	66±1	150	13
1649	Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)	76	150	26
1650	Red potatoes, boiled with skin on in salted water	89±7	150	19
	for 12 min (Canada)
1651	Potato, white, boiled (UK)	96±10	150	24
	mean of four studies	82±7	150	21
	Boiled potato cooked then cooled
1652	Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h,	88	150	18
	consumed cold (Sweden)
1653	Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h,	67	150	13
	consumed cold with white vinegar (28 g)
	and olive oil (8 g) (Sweden)
1654	Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated,	23	150	8
	reheated (India)
1655	Potato, red, cubed, boiled in salted water 12 min,	56±5	150	12
	stored overnight in refrigerator, consumed cold
	(Canada)

	Canned potatoes
1656	New, canned, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny	65±9	150	12
	Taters^TM, Edgell's^TM brand, Cheltenham, Australia)
	French Fries
1657	French fries (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden),	54	150	16
	baked at 250^oC for 9 min
1658	French Fries, baked 15 min (OreIda Golden Fries,	64±6	150	21
	H.J. Heinz Co, Pittsburgh, PA, USA)
1659	Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, fried in	70±6	150	21
	vegetable oil (Jamaica)
	Instant Mashed potato
1660	Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)	79±7	150	16
1661	Instant (Canada)	80±13	150	16
1662	Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia)	86	150	17
1663	Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)	88±8	150	18
1664	Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA),	92±4	150	18
	prepared with water
1665	Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)	97±6	150	19
	mean of six studies	87±3	150	17
	Instant mashed potato consumed with added fat
1666	Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)	71±10	150	17
	consumed with 30 g Sunola oil (80% MUFA oil)
1667	Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)	74±10	150	18
	consumed with 36.5 g butter (69% saturated fat)
1668	Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)	68±8	150	17
	consumed with 30 g sunflower oil (64% PUFA oil)
	Mashed potato
1669	Type NS (South Africa)	71±10	150	14
1670	Type NS (China)	73±3	150	15
1671	Type NS (France)	83	150	17
	mean of three studies	76	150	15
1672	Desiree potato, mashed (UK)	102±13	150	26
1673	Pontiac, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed	91±9	150	18
	(Australia)
	Microwaved potato
1674	Estima, microwaved 6 min then baked 10 min (UK)	93±8	150	24
1675	Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high	79±9	150	14
	for 6-7.5 min (Australia)
1676	Prince Edward Island white potato, cooked in	73±5	150	15
	microwave for 18 min (Canada)
1677	Russet Burbank potato, unpeeled, cooked in	77±9	150	19
	microwave for 18 min (Canada)
	New Potato
1678	New (Canada)	70±8	150	12
1679	New, unpeeled and boiled 20 min (Australia)	78±12	150	16
1680	New potato, boiled (UK)	80±15	150	18
	mean of three studies	76	150	16
	Steamed potato
1681	Potato, NS type, steamed (China)	62±2	150	12
1682	Potato (Solanum Tuberosum), peeled, steamed 1 h	65±11	150	18
	(India)¹⁴
1683	California white potatoes, cubed,	72±8	150	14
	roasted in soybean oil (Canada)
	Sweet potato, cooked
1684	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), boiled(Australia)	44	150	11
1685	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, cubed,	46±5	150	15
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1686	Sweet potato, orange flesh, peeled, cut into pieces,	61±6	150	11
	boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
1687	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
1688	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled,	94±8	150	42
	baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1689	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled,	76±7	150	34
	fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1690	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, roasted	82±5	150	37
	on preheated charcoal (Jamaica)
1691	Sweet potato, orange (China)	77±4	150	16
1692	Sweet potato, purple skin white flesh, peeled,	75±5	150	22
	cut into pieces, boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
	mean of nine studies	70±6	150	22
	Tapioca
1693	Tapioca (Manihot Utilissima), steamed 1 h (India)¹⁴	70±10	250	12
	Taro
1694	Taro (China)	48±5	150	4
1695	Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)	54	150	4
1696	Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	56±12	150	4
	mean of three studies	53	150	4
	Yam
1697	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	35±5	150	13
1698	Yam (China)	54±2	150	19
1699	Yam, steamed (China)	51±4	150	18
1700	Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled (Nigeria)^11,14	74	150	28
	mean of four studies	54±8	150	20
1701	Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled, consumed with	74	150	28
	4.24 g salt (Nigeria)^11,14
1702	Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed,	61±5	150	28
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
	Yam, Lucea (Dioscorea rotundata)
1703	Lucea Yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 (Jamaica)	74±7	150	20
1704	Lucea Yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	77±5	150	29
	(Jamaica)
	Yam, Negro (Dioscorea rotundata)
1705	Negro yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)	73±4	150	23
1706	Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	73±6	150	28
	(Jamaica)
	Yam, Round leaf yellow (Dioscorea cayenensis)
1707	Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min	68±3	150	23
	(Jamaica)
1708	Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated	80±7	150	32
	charcoal (Jamaica)
	Yam, Sweet (Dioscorea alata)
1709	Sweet yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)	79±4	150	20
1710	Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	82±7	150	32
	(Jamaica)
	Yam, White (Dioscorea alata)
1711	White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)	75±6	150	24
1712	White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	80±6	150	28
	(Jamaica)

	INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF
	DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
	AFRICAN
1713	Brown beans (South Africa)	24±8	50 (dry)	6
1714	FooFoo corn (Zea mays) and ndole (vegetable soup)¹⁴	34	-	-
	(Cameroon)
1715	Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays)	12±1	150	7
	eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1716	Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima)	56±3	100	15
	eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1717	Gram dhal soaked overnight, cooked in salted water	5±3	50 (dry)	1
	(South Africa)
1718	Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) stew and plantain¹⁴	48	-	-
	(Musa paradisiaca) (Cameroon)
1719	Koki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cassava¹⁴	52	-	-
	(Manihot esculenta) (Cameroon)
1720	Maize meal porridge, unrefined,	71±6	50 (dry)	25
	maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1721	Maize meal porridge, refined,	74±7	50 (dry)	30
	maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1722	M'fino/Morogo, wild greens (South Africa)	68±8	120	34
1723	Rice (Oriza sativa) and tomato soup (Cameroon)¹⁴	46	-	-
1724	Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) eaten with fish,	40±4	120 (raw)	13
	tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1725	White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled, eaten with fish,	34±3	150	14
	tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1726	Yam (Dyscoria species) eaten with fish, tomato	66	150	24
	and onion sauce (Ghana)
1727	Yam (Dioscorea species) and groundnut¹⁴	50	-	-
	(Arachis hypogaea) soup (Cameroon)

	ARABIC AND TURKISH
1728	Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g),	37±5	215	19
	eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
	(United Arab Emirates)
1729	Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g),	29±4	185	15
	eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
	(United Arab Emirates)
1730	Hummus (chickpea salad dip)	6±4	30	0
1731	Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), hummus,	86±12	120	39
	falafel and tabbouleh
1732	Stuffed grapevine leaves (rice and lamb stuffing	30±11	100	5
	with tomato sauce)

	ASIAN
1733	Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker	86±8	150	37
	(Lion foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1734	Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan)	79	150	40
1735	Curry rice (Japan)	67	150	41
1736	Curry rice with cheese (Japan)	55	150	27
1737	Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with	65	100	27
	roasted ground soybean (Japan)
1738	Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker	94±6	150	31
	(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co., Bangkok, Thailand)
1739	Glutinous rice, type NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan)	86	150	56
1740	Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake	48	75	13
	(mochi) (Japan)
1741	Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan)	83	75	32
1742	Jasmine rice, white, cooked in rice cooker	109±10	150	46
	(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1743	Lotus root powder (China)	33±6	15	3
1744	Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan)	70	150	42
1745	Lychee, canned in syrup, drained	79±8	120	16
	(Narcissus brand, China)
1746	Mung bean noodles, dried, boiled (China)	39±9	180	18
1747	Non-glutaminous rice flour, served warm with drink	68	100	34
	(Yamato Nousan, Japan)
1748	Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)	91	30	23
1749	Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	81	250	15
1750	Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World,	61±6	180	23
	Bangkok, Thailand)
1751	Rice noodles, fresh, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)	40±4	180	15
1752	Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	77	75	21
1753	Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)	80	75	21
1754	Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water,	46	180	22
	served with soup (Japan)
1755	Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)⁸	48±8	100	17
1756	Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)	55	100	20
1757	Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic brand,	62±8	180	30
	Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)⁸
1758	Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried	48	180	23
	bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)
1759	White rice, dried sea algae and milk,	57	300	27
	eaten together (Japan)
1760	White rice, dried sea algae and milk	56	300	26
	(milk eaten before rice) (Japan)
1761	White rice, dried sea algae and milk	55	300	26
	(milk eaten after rice) (Japan)
	mean of three types	56	300	26
1762	White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan)	79	150	40
1763	White rice with fermented soybean (natto) (Japan)	56	150	24
1764	White rice with instant miso soup	61	150	29
	(soybean paste soup) (Japan)
1765	White rice with low-fat milk (Japan)	69	300	32
1766	White rice and non-sugar yoghurt (yoghurt eaten	59	150	19
	before rice) (Japan)
1767	White rice and non-sugar yoghurt eaten	58	150	19
	together (Japan)
1768	White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber	63	150	27
	(pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan)
1769	White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber	61	150	26
	(pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan)
1770	White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan)	72	150	26
1771	White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan)	56	150	29
1772	White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan)	80	150	39
1773	White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted	77	150	39
	sea algae (Japan)

	ASIAN INDIAN
1774	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as	49	75 (dry)	25
	roasted bread made from bajra flour
1775	Banana, (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety,	70±11	120	31
	unripe, steamed 1 h¹⁴
1776	Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	48	150	16
1777	Bengal gram dhal, chickpea	11	150	4
1778	Black gram, (Phaseolus mungo), soaked 12 h,	43±10	150	8
	stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h¹⁴
	Chapatti
1779	Chapatti, bajra	49	-	-
1780	Chapatti, barley	48	-	-
1781	Chapatti, maize (Zea mays)	59	-	-
1782	Chapatti, flour from malted wheat, moth bean	66±9	60	25
	(Phaseolus aconitifolius) and bengal gram
	(Cicer arietinum)
1783	Chapatti, flour made from popped wheat, moth bean	40±8	60	14
	and bengal gram
1784	Chapatti, flour from roller dried wheat, moth bean	60±9	60	23
	and bengal gram
1785	Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram	44±3	200	22
	(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
	Cheela (thin savoury pancake made from legume
	flour batter)
1786	Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)	42±1	150	12
1787	Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum),	36±1	150	10
	fermented batter
1788	Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus)	45±1	150	12
1789	Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus),	38±1	150	10
	fermented batter
1790	Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground,	55±2	150	22
	fermented and fried) with chutney
1791	Green gram, (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h,	38±14	150	6
	stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h¹⁴
1792	Horse gram, (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h,	51±11	150	15
	stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h¹⁴
1793	Idli (parboiled and raw rice with black dhal, soaked,	60±2	250	31
	ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
1794	Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia)	60±10	360	31
1795	Millet/Ragi, (Eleucine coracana), dehusked,	68±10	150	23
	soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h¹⁴
1796	Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal,	45±2	250	35
	pressure cooked)
1797	Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with	57±1	150	28
	potato palya (mashed potato)
1798	Porridge, made from scoured wheat, consumed with	39	100	23
	Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1799	Porridge, made from decorticated finger millet, eaten	65	100	44
	with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1800	Porridge, made from popped rice (aralu), consumed	76	100	52
	with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1801	Porridge, made from expanded rice (puri), consumed	74	100	47
	with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1802	Rajmah, Phaseolus vulgaris (India)	19	150	6
1803	Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1h¹⁴	70±10	250	12
1804	Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	69±4	150	28

	AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL
1805	Acacia aneura (mulga seed) roasted,	8	50	1
	wet ground to paste⁸
1806	Acacia coriacea, desert oat seed bread⁸	46	75	11
1807	Araucaria bidwillii (bunya tree nut), baked 10 min⁸	47	50	7
1808	Bush honey, sugar bag⁸	43	30	11
1809	Castanospermum austral (blackbean seed), sliced,	8	50	1
	soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked⁸
1810	Dioscorea bulbifera (cheeky yam), peeled, sliced,	34	150	12
	soaked 2 d, baked 15 min⁸
1811	Macrozamia communis (cycad palm seed), sliced,	40±2	50	10
	soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked⁸

	PACIFIC ISLANDERS
1812	Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia)⁸	68	120	18
	Banana/plantain, green
1813	Green banana, boiled (New Zealand)	38±10	120	8
1814	Plantain (Musa AAB) (Fiji)	68±6	120	21
1815	Roti/chappati (Fiji)	59±5	60	16
	Sweet Potato
1816	Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Australia)	44	150	11
1817	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	77±12	150	19
1818	Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) (Fiji)	63±5	150	23
	Taro
1819	Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)	54	150	4
1820	Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	56±12	150	4
1821	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	35±5	150	13

	PIMA INDIAN
1822	Acorns (Quercus emoryi, stewed with venison⁸	16±1	100	1
1823	Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi)	91	30	18
1824	Corn hominy (Zea mays)⁸	40±5	150	12
1825	Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi)	70	30	17
1826	Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus)⁸	36±3	250	12
1827	Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota)	38	60	9
1828	White teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)⁸	31±3	250	10
1829	Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)⁸	29±3	250	8

	SOUTH AMERICAN
1830	Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico)¹⁴	72	100	31
1831	Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour^12,31	81	100	35
	(25% amylose)
1832	Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose	44	100	11
	(70%) corn flour^12,31
1833	Arepa, made from white corn meal flour (Venezuela)	54	100	19
1834	Arepa, made from white corn meal flour, supplemented	60	100	19
	with 20% stabilised rice bran (Venezuela)
1835	Corn tortilla (Mexico)	52	50	12
1836	Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans	39	100	9
	and tomato sauce (Mexico)
1837	Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato	78	100	11
	and lettuce (Mexico)
1838	Ground beef served with rice and an orange (Chile)	31±9	300	24
1839	Lentil soup, pureed consumed with an orange (Chile)	49±9	300	16
1840	Pinhao, Brazilian Parana Pine seeds (Araucaria	47	50	8
	angustifolia) with coat, cooked for 1.5 h
	in 1 L of water (Brazil)
1841	Pinhao, without coat, cooked for 1h in 1L of water	43	50	8
	(Brazil)
1842	Pinto beans, boiled in salted water (Mexico)	14	150	4
1843	Spaghetti served with beef tomato sauce	42±7	300	21
	and an orange (Chile)
1844	Spaghetti served with pressure-cooked white beans	77±14	300	25
	and an orange (Chile)
1845	Wheat tortilla (Mexico)	30	50	8
1846	Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and	28	100	5
	tomato sauce (Mexico)

	WEST INDIAN/CARIBBEAN
1847	Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), peeled, boiled 26 min,	60±9	120	17
	frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1848	Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min,	94±11	120	36
	frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
	Dasheen (Colocasia esculenta)
1849	Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated,	77±10	150	44
	reheated for 1 min
1850	Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated,	66±6	150	38
	reheated for 1 min
1851	Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),	75±12	150	43
	refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1852	Dasheen, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)	72±5	150	19
	mean of four foods	73±2	150	36
1853	Eddoe (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum),	61±10	150	21
	peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
	Green banana/plantain (Musa sapientum)
1854	Green banana, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica)	37±5	120	10
1855	Green banana, peeled, fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica)	35±3	120	11
1856	Green banana/plantain, boiled 23 min, frozen,	65±11	120	17
	thawed and reheated for 1 min
1857	Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled,	39±4	120	9
	boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1858	Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried	40±3	120	14
	in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1859	Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled,	66±2	120	13
	boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1860	Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried	90±6	120	26
	in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1861	Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled,	71±8	150	35
	boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1862	Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed	66±7	150	33
1863	Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),	66±10	150	33
	refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
	mean of three foods	68	150	34
1864	Sadha roti (leavened wheat-based bread)	65±9	-	-
1865	Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), peeled,	60±5	150	33
	boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1866	Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated,	52±5	150	29
	reheated for 1 min
1867	Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),	50±8	150	28
	refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
	mean of three foods	54	150	30
	Yam
1868	Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed,	61±5	150	28
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1869	Lucea yam (Dioscorea rotunda), peeled, cubed,	74±7	150	20
	boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1870	Lucea yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	77±5	150	29
	(Jamaica)
1871	Negro yam (Dioscorea rotundata), peeled, cubed,	73±4	150	23
	boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1872	Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	73±6	150	28
	(Jamaica)
1873	Round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis),	68±3	150	23
	peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1874	Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated	80±7	150	32
	charcoal (Jamaica)
1875	Sweet yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, cubed,	79±4	150	20
	boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1876	Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	82±7	150	32
	(Jamaica)
1877	White yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, boiled 30 min,	62±6	150	15
	refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1878	White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)	75±6	150	24
1879	White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal	80±6	150	28
	(Jamaica)


Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless otherwise specified.
2. Mean ± SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the reference food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
5. Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc. (Toronto, Canada), unpublished observations, 2004 - 2007.
6. International Diabetes Institute (Melbourne, Australia), unpublished observations, 2006 - 2007.
7. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 10 g carbohydrate.
8. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
9. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
10. V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 1996-2000.
11. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI calculated by using a mathematical formula based on results from an in vitro starch hydrolysis assay.
13. White rice was used as the reference food, but glucose was also tested and had a GI of 122. The observed GI was multiplied by 100 and then divided by 122 to convert it to a GI on the glucose scale (ie, glucose = reference food with a GI of 100).
14. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.
15. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate.
16. B Spratt (George Westons Foods, Australia), unpublished observations, 2007.
17. Values based on 0.5 g carbohydrate/kg body weight.
18. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 70 g carbohydrate.
19. Glycemic Index Symbol Program: http://www.gisymbol.com.au; Accessed 30 August 2007.
20. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 180 min for only 4 time points (0, 60, 120 and 180 min).
21. J Dzieniszewski, J Ciok (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland), unpublished observations, 1996-2001.
22. J Brand-Miller, S Holt (University of Sydney, Australia), and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 2000-2001.
23. C Dalaudier (Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Scotland), unpublished observations, 2007.
24. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate.
25. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate.
26. Potato used as the reference food with a GI fixed at 80. The GI of the test food was calculated by expressing the test food's glucose AUC value as a percentage of the potato's AUC value.
27. GI calculated from the 90 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
28. GI calculated from the 150 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
29. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 120 min for only 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).
30. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 240 min for only 6 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min).
31. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 45 g carbohydrate.
32. Ordinary corn flour arepa was used as the reference food.


Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, small subject numbers or values showing wide variability: 2008
Food Number and Item		GI²	Serve	GL³
		(Glucose	Size	per
		= 100)	g	serve
	BAKERY PRODUCTS
	Cakes
1880	Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	67	50	19
1881	Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)	39	60	9
1882	Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada)	54	53	15
1883	Sponge cake, plain (Canada)	46±6	63	17
1884	Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada)	67	57	17
1885	Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd.,	69	50	13
	Etobicoke, Canada)
1886	Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada)	76	47	17
1887	Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	65	70	31
	Muffins
1888	Blueberry muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada)	59	57	17
1889	Bran muffin (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins,	60	57	14
	Aurora, Canada)
1890	Carrot muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada)	62	57	20
1891	Corn muffin, low-amylose⁴	102	57	30
1892	Corn muffin, high-amylose⁴	49	57	14
1893	Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co.	69	50	24
	of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)
	Pancakes
1894	Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)	51	80	11
1895	Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut	68	80	24
	flour (Philippines)
1896	Pastry (Canada)	59±6	57	15
1897	Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada)	76	35	10

	BEVERAGES
1898	Lucozade®, original (sparkling glucose drink)	95±10	250 mL	40
	(Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)
	Sports drinks
1899	Allsport®, orange (PepsiCo Inc., Somers, NY, USA)	53±4	250 mL	11
1900	Cytomax®, orange (Cytosport, Concordia, CA, USA)	62±7	250 mL	7
1901	Gatorade®, orange flavor, US formula	89±12	250 mL	13
	(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1902	GatorLode®, orange flavor	100±9	250 mL	51
	(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1903	Poweraid®, orange (Coca-Cola Company,	65±5	250 mL	13
	Atlanta, GA, USA)
1904	XLR8®, orange flavor (Softpac Industries Inc.,	68±7	250 mL	9
	Plymouth, Minn, USA)

	BREADS
1905	Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada)	72	70	25
	Baguette, white
1906	Baguette, white, plain (France)	95±15	30	14
1907	Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour,	83±6	30	15
	ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1908	Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour,	78±17	30	14
	ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1909	French bread, fermented with leaven (France)	80±18	30	13
1910	French bread, fermented with yeast (France)	81±35	30	13
1911	Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat	69±5	30	12
	flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
1912	Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd.,	74	30	16
	Toronto, Canada)
	Barley Breads
1913	Coarse barley kernel bread, 75% kernels	27	30	5
1914	Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels (Canada)	43	30	9
1915	Barley flour bread, 100% barley flour (Canada)	67	30	9
1916	Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)	61	30	9
1917	Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada)	73	30	12
1918	Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc.,	70	30	16
	Etobicoke, Canada)
	Gluten-free bread
1919	Gluten-free white bread, unsliced	71	30	11
	(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1920	Gluten-free white bread, sliced	80	30	12
	(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1921	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free	69	30	9
	wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
1922	Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free	76	30	10
	wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
	Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
1923	Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada)	41	30	5
1924	Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd.,	46	30	5
	Toronto, Canada)
1925	Wholemeal rye bread (75% rye flour with 25% cracked	54	30	7
	rye grains) (Schilstad bread, Aarhus, Denmark)
1926	Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada)	55	30	7
1927	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products,	55	30	7
	Toronto, Canada)
1928	Pumpernickel bread (Canada)	56	30	7
1929	Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada)	62	30	8
	mean of seven studies	53±3	30	6
	Wholemeal rye bread
1930	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	41	30	6
1931	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	62	30	9
1932	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	63	30	9
1933	Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)	66	30	9
	mean of four studies	58±6	30	8
	Specialty rye breads
1934	Bürgen® Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)	74±6	30	7
1935	Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread	67	30	9
	(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
1936	Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	68	30	10
1937	Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd.,	55	30	7
	Toronto, Canada)
1938	Sourdough rye (Canada)	57	30	7
1939	Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread	56	30	7
	(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
	Wheat Breads
	Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
1940	50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada)	58	30	12
1941	75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada)	48	30	10
	White wheat flour bread
1942	White flour (USA)⁵	70	30	10
1943	White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)	71	30	10
1944	White flour (Canada)	71	30	10
1945	White flour (Israel)	78±5	30	12
	mean of four studies	73±2	30	10
1946	White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italy)	73	30	11
1947	White Turkish bread (Turkey)	87	30	15
	White bread, fiber-enriched
1948	White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate	67	30	9
	Foods Ltd., Canada)
1949	White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)	69	30	9
	White bread with enzyme inhibitors
1950	White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico)	18	30	3
1951	White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic	48	30	6
	alfa-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland)^6,7
1952	White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland)^6,7	29	30	3
	White bread with soluble fiber
1953	White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium)	41	30	7
	(Mexico)
	White bread with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
	tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
1954	White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	53	30	8
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1955	White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	49	30	8
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1956	White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	47	30	8
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1957	White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	37	30	6
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1958	White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2	39	30	6
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan), viscosity 2
	White bread consumed with fiber drink
1959	White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo	46	-	-
	Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water
1960	White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo	41	-	-
	Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water
1961	White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin	48	-	-
	(Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan)
	in 250 mL water
1962	White bread with 10 g inulin (Orafti, Tienen, Belgium)	46	-	-
	in 250 mL water
	Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
1963	Wholemeal flour (Canada)³	52	30	6
1964	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	64	30	8
1965	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	65	30	8
1966	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
1967	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	67	30	8
1968	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	69	30	8
1969	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	69	30	8
1970	Wholemeal flour (Canada)	71	30	9
1971	Wholemeal flour (Denmark)^6,7	71	30	10
1972	Wholemeal flour (USA)⁴	73	30	10
1973	Wholemeal flour (Kenya)	87	30	11
	mean of eleven studies	69± 2	30	9
1974	Wholemeal Turkish bread	49	30	8
	Specialty wheat breads
1975	Bürgen® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries,	69±6	30	8
	Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
1976	Molenberg^TM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand)	84±8	30	12
1977	Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	65	30	8
1978	Semolina bread (Kenya)⁵	64	-	-
1979	Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd.,	74	30	16
	Poole, Dorset, UK)
1980	Middle Eastern flatbread	97±29	30	15
1981	Pita bread, white (Canada)	57	30	10
1982	Pita bread, white (Sainsbury's, UK)	67±16	30	10
1983	Pita bread, white (Value, UK)	69±20	30	10
1984	Wheat flour flatbread (India)	66±9	30	11
1985	Amaranth : wheat (25:75) flour flatbread (India)	66±10	30	10
1986	Amaranth : wheat (50:50) flour flatbread (India)	76±20	30	11

	BREAKFAST CEREALS
1987	All-Bran^TM, high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal	50	30	12
	(Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)
1988	Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	18
	eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
1989	Bran Buds^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)⁹	58	30	7
1990	Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)⁹	47	30	6
1991	Bran Chex^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada)⁹	58	30	11
1992	Cheerios^TM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)⁹	74	30	15
1993	Corn Bran^TM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada,	75	30	15
	Peterborough, Canada)⁹
1994	Corn Chex^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹	83	30	21
	Cornflakes^TM
1995	Cornflakes^TM (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand)	72±16	30	18
1996	Cornflakes^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)	86	30	22
1997	Cornflakes^TM (Kellogg's, USA)⁴	92	30	24
1998	Cornflakes (Kellogg's, France)	93±16	30	25
1999	Cornflakes (Kellogg's, MI, USA)	132±33	30	33
	mean of five studies	95±10	30	25
2000	Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice,	74	30	17
	Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)⁹
2001	Cream of Wheat^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹	66	250	17
2002	Cream of Wheat^TM, Instant	74	250	22
	(Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹
2003	Crispix^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)⁹	87	30	22
2004	Fruitful Lite^TM (Hubbards, Auckland, New Zealand)	30	12
2005	Golden Grahams^TM (General Mills Inc., Canada)⁹	71	30	18
2006	Grapenuts^TM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada)⁹	67	30	13
2007	Grapenuts^TM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc.,	80	30	17
	Canada)⁹
2008	Life^TM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)⁹	66	30	17
2009	Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)⁹	60	30	11
	Oat bran
2010	Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)⁹	50	10	2
2011	Oat bran, raw	59	10	3
2012	Oat Bran (Quaker Oats Co, Peterborough, ON, Canada)	60	10	4
	mean of three studies	56	10	3
2013	Oat bran crisp (Natureal® GI-crisp, Finn Cereal,	79	30	10
	Vantaa, Finland)^10,11
2014	Oat bran flour (Natureal® GI-flour, Finn Cereal,	40	30	2
	Vantaa, Finland), consumed mixed with cold water^10,11
	Porridge made from rolled oats
2015	Porridge (Canada)	62	250	14
2016	Porridge (Canada)	69	250	16
2017	Porridge (USA)⁴	75	250	17
	mean of three studies	69	250	16
	Instant Porridge
2018	Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)	65	250	17
2019	One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)⁹	66	250	17
2020	Pro Stars^TM (General Mills Inc., Canada)⁹	71	30	17
2021	Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)⁹	67	30	13
2022	Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada)⁹	49	30	11
2023	Rice Chex^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹	89	30	23
2024	Rice Krispies^TM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)⁹	82	30	22
2025	Shredded Wheat^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹	83	30	17
2026	Sultana Bran (Healthy Living, UK)	90±17	30	15
2027	Team^TM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)⁹	82	30	18
2028	Thank Goodness^TM (Hubbards, New Zealand)	65±18	30	15
2029	Total^TM (General Mills Inc., Canada)⁹⁹	76	30	17
2030	Wheat flakes, enriched with extruded oat-bran	36	30	6
	concentrate (8.1% β-glucan) (Canada)
2031	Weetabix^TM, plain flaked wheat biscuits	74	30	16
	(Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada)⁹
2032	Juicy cereal bar (stavnata tycinka FIT, Usovsko,	85±16	30	17
	Czech Republic)
2033	Wheat flake bar, containing frutcose and extruded	30	30	5
	oat bran concentrate (6.5% β-glucan) (Canada)

	CEREAL GRAINS
	Amaranth
2034	Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,	97±19	30	21
	eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
	Barley
	Pearl Barley
2035	Barley, pearled (Canada)	22	150	9
2036	Barley (Canada)	22	150	9
2037	Barley (Canada)	27	150	11
2038	Barley, pearled (Canada)	29	150	12
	mean of four studies	25±2	150	11
2039	Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)	37	150	16
2040	Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia)	50	150	21
	Buckwheat
2041	Buckwheat (Canada)	49	150	15
2042	Buckwheat (Canada)	51±10	150	15
2043	Buckwheat (Canada)	63	150	19
	mean of three studies	54	150	16
	Corn/Maize
2044	Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109	-	-
	Cornmeal
2045	Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min	68	150	9
	(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2046	Cornmeal + margarine	69	150	8
	(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada)
	Sweet corn
2047	Sweet corn, cooked (Israel)	52±7	150	17
2048	Sweet corn (Canada)	59±11	150	19
2049	Sweet corn (USA)⁵	60	150	20
	mean of three studies	57	150	19
2050	Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained	46	150	13
	(Featherweight, USA)⁵
2051	Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave	47	150	16
	(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2052	Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso	68	20	8
	Foods Co., Toronto, Canada)
	Couscous
2053	Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co.,	61	150	21
	Leominster, MA, USA)
2054	Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia)	69	150	23
	Millet
2055	Millet, boiled (Canada)	71±10	150	26
2056	Millet flour porridge (Kenya)	107	-	-
	Rice, white
2057	White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India)	69±15	150	30
	Rice, boiled white, type NS
2058	Type NS, boiled (France)	43	150	13
2059	Type NS, eaten alone (France)	45	150	14
2060	Type NS, boiled (France)	47	150	14
2061	Type NS (Canada)	51	150	21
2062	Type NS (France)	52	150	19
2063	Type NS (Canada)	56	150	23
2064	Type NS (Pakistan)	69	150	26
2065	Type NS (Kenya)	112	150	47
	mean of eight studies	59±8	150	21
	Long grain, boiled
2066	Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)	41	150	16
2067	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada)	55	150	22
2068	Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam)	56±2	150	24
2069	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	57	150	23
2070	Long grain, boiled 15 min	58	150	23
2071	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
2072	Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)	60	150	24
2073	Long grain, nonglutinous (non waxy) rice variety	71	150	29
	RD 21/23 (low amylose), boiled (Thailand)
	mean of eight studies	57±3	150	23
	Rice, specialty rices
2074	Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's® (Effem Foods Ltd.,	51	150	19
	Bolton, Canada)
2075	Garden Style, Uncle Ben's®	55	150	20
	(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2076	Glutinous (waxy) rice, low-amylose, boiled (Thailand)	75	-	-
2077	Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's®	54	150	20
	(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2078	Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's®	58	150	21
	(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2079	Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada)	57	150	18
	Rice, white low-amylose
2080	White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey)	17	150	7
	Rice, white high-amylose
2081	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose)	37	150	14
2082	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long-grain	39	150	15
	(27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min
	Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
	(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
2083	Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	54	150	22
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
2084	Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1	54	150	22
	(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
	Milled, white, high amylose rice
2085	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	61	150	26
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2086	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	59	150	25
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2087	Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,	61	150	26
	boiled 22 min (Philippines)
	Rice, brown
2088	Brown (Oryza Sativa), boiled (South India)⁶	50±19	150	17
2089	Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min	39	150	16
	(Philippines)
	Instant/puffed rice
2090	Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada)	46	150	19
	Parboiled rice
2091	Parboiled rice (Canada)	48	150	17
2092	Parboiled rice (USA)⁵	72	150	26
2093	Converted, white, Uncle Ben's®	45	150	16
	(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)⁵
2094	Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20-30 min,	50	150	18
	Uncle Ben's® (Masterfoods USA)
2095	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)⁴	39	150	14
2096	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	42	150	15
2097	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	43	150	15
2098	Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)	46	150	17
2099	Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)	38	150	14
2100	Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA)⁴	61	150	22
2101	Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada)	47	150	17
2102	Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada)	46	150	17
	mean of twelve studies	48±3	150	17
2103	Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional	99	-	-
	Indian meal (India)⁶
	Parboiled, low-amylose
2104	Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled	51	150	19
	(12% amylose)
	Parboiled, high-amylose
2105	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled	35	150	13
	(28% amylose)
2106	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled	32	150	12
	(27% amylose)
2107	Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled	27	150	11
	(27% amylose)
2108	Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled	33	150	13
	(27% amylose)
	mean of four studies	32±2	150	12
	Rye, whole kernels
2109	Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	29	50 (dry)	11
2110	Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi)	34	50 (dry)	13
	30 min in 2 L water (Canada)
2111	Rye, whole kernels (Canada)	39	50 (dry)	15
	mean of three studies	34	50 (dry)	13
	Wheat
	Wheat, whole kernels
2112	Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)	42	50 (dry)	14
2113	Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi)	44	50 (dry)	14
	30 min in 2 L water (Canada)
2114	Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)	48	50 (dry)	16
	mean of three studies	45	50 (dry)	15
2115	Wheat, type NS (India)¹¹	63	50 (dry)	24
2116	Wheat, type NS (India)⁶	90	50 (dry)	34
	Semolina
2117	Semolina, roasted at 105^oC then gelatinised	55±9	150	6
	with water (India)
2118	Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India)	54±13	150	6
	Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
2119	Bulgur, boiled (Canada)	46	150	12
2120	Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada)	46	150	12
2121	Bulgur, boiled (Canada)	46	150	12
2122	Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)	46	150	12
2123	Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)	53	150	14
	mean of five studies	47±1	150	12

	COOKIES
	Arrowroot
2124	Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods,	63	25	13
	Toronto, Canada)
2125	Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada)	62	25	11
2126	Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour	50	25	8
	(Philippines)
	Digestives
2127	Digestives (Canada)	55	25	9
2128	Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd.,	62	25	9
	Toronto, Canada)
2129	Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia	58	25	10
	Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK)
2130	Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd.,	77±25	25	13
	Auckland, New Zealand)
2131	Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co.,	74	25	13
	Toronto, Canada)
2132	Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd.,	57	25	8
	Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland)
2133	Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour	33	30	6
	(Philippines)
2134	Oro (Saiwa, Italy)	67±17	40	21
2135	Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	77	25	14

	CRACKERS
2136	Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd.,	67	25	9
	Kitchener, Canada)
	Rye crispbread
2137	Rye crispbread (Canada)	63	25	10
2138	Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK)	63	25	11
2139	High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd.,	59	25	9
	Poole, Dorset, UK)
2140	Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	74	25	12
2141	Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)	67	25	11

	DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
	Ice cream, Regular/NS
2142	Ice cream, NS (Canada)	36±8	50	5
2143	Ice cream, NS (USA)¹⁵	62	50	7
2144	Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA)	68±15	50	10
2145	Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)¹⁶	80	50	10
	mean of four studies	62±9	50	8
	Milk, full-fat
2146	Full-fat (Italy)¹⁶	24	250 mL	3
2147	Full-fat (USA)¹⁵	40	250 mL	4
2148	Milk, Full-fat + 20 g wheat bran (Italy)¹⁶	25	250 mL	3
2149	Probiotic drink, pink grapefruit (UK)⁴	60±18	250 mL	20
	Yoghurt
2150	Yoghurt, type NS (Canada)	36±4	200	3
2151	Yoghurt, Strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)⁴	45±16	200	5
2152	Yoghurt, low-fat, toffee (UK)⁴	51±18	200	15
	Soy-based dairy product alternatives
2153	Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with	115±14	50	10
	high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA)

	FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
	Apples, raw
2154	Apple, NS (Denmark)	28	120	4
2155	Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand)⁴	32±4	120	4
2156	Apple, NS (Canada)	34	120	5
2157	Apple, NS (USA)¹⁵	40	120	6
2158	Apple, NS (Italy)	44	120	6
	mean of five studies	36±3	120	5
	Apricots
2159	Apricots, raw, NS (Italy)	57	120	5
2160	Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments	64	120	12
	Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada)
2161	Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada)	32	60	10
	Banana, raw
2162	Banana (Canada)	46	120	12
2163	Banana (Israel)	49±6	120	12
2164	Banana (Italy)	58	120	13
2165	Banana (Canada)	58	120	15
2166	Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA)¹⁵	51	120	13
2167	Banana, under-ripe (Denmark)^7,17	30	120	6
2168	Banana, slightly under-ripe	42	120	11
	(yellow with green sections) (USA)¹⁵
2169	Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA)¹⁵	48	120	12
2170	Banana, over-ripe (Denmark)^7,17	52	120	11
	mean of nine studies	48±3	120	11
2171	Cherries, raw, sour (Canada)	22	120	3
2172	Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines)⁴	40	120	12
2173	Dates, dried (Australia)	103±21	60	42
2174	Dates, NS type (Israel)	62±4	60	21
2175	Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian	55	120	9
	Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada)
2176	Grapefruit, raw (Canada)	25	120	3
	Grapes, raw
2177	Grapes, NS (Canada)	43	120	7
2178	Grapes, NS (Italy)	49	120	9
2179	Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand)⁴	47±4	120	6
	Mango, raw
2180	Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines)⁴	41	120	8
2181	Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India)⁶	60±16	120	9
	Oranges, raw
2182	Oranges, NS (Denmark)	31	120	3
2183	Orange, NS (Israel)	47±5	120	6
2184	Oranges, NS (Italy)	48	120	5
2185	Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA)	48	120	5
2186	Oranges NS (Canada)	51	120	6
	mean of five studies	45±4	120	5
	Papaya/Paw paw, raw
2187	Papaya/Paw paw, raw (Carica papaya) (Philippines)⁴	60	120	9
2188	Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India)⁶	60±16	120	17
	Peach, raw
2189	Peach, raw (Canada)	28	120	4
2190	Peach, raw (Italy)	56	120	5
2191	Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte,	52	120	9
	Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
	Pear, raw
2192	Pear, raw, NS (Canada)	33	120	4
2193	Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand)⁴	34±4	120	4
2194	Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada)	41	120	3
2195	Pear, raw, NS (Italy)	42	120	5
	mean of four studies	38±2	120	4
2196	Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte,	44	120	5
	Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
2197	Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines)⁴	51	120	8
	Plum, raw
2198	Plum, raw, NS (Canada)	24	120	3
2199	Plum, raw, NS (Italy)	53	120	6
2200	Raisins (Israel)	66±6	60	28

	FRUIT JUICES
	Apple juice
2201	Apple juice, unsweetened (USA)¹⁵	41	250 mL	12
2202	Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)	41	250 mL	12
2203	Grapefruit juice, unsweetened	48	250 mL	9
	(Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)
2204	Orange juice, reconstituted from	57±6	250 mL	15
	frozen concentrate (USA)¹⁵
2205	Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged	46	250 mL	15
	Foods, Toronto, Canada)

	LEGUMES AND NUTS
2206	Baked beans, canned haricot/navy beans	56	150	9
	in tomato sauce (Libby, McNeill & Libby,
	Chatham, Canada)
2207	Beans, dried, boiled, type NS (Italy)¹⁶	20	150	6
2208	Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled (Canada)	50	150	15
	Butter Beans
2209	Butter beans, dried, soaked, cooked 1.25 h	29±8	150	6
	(South Africa)
2210	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5 g sucrose	30±2	150	6
	(South Africa)
2211	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10 g sucrose	31±2	150	6
	(South Africa)
2212	Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15 g sucrose	54±4	150	11
	(South Africa)
	Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
2213	Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada)	31	150	9
2214	Chickpeas (Canada)	33	150	10
2215	Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo	42	150	9
	Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2216	Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd.,	41	150	7
	Scarborough, Canada)
	Haricot/Navy beans
2217	Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi	29	150	9
	for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada)
2218	Haricot/Navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	30	150	9
2219	Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi	59	150	19
	for 25 min (King Grains, Canada)
	mean of three studies	39	150	12
	Kidney Beans
2220	Kidney beans (USA)⁴	23	150	6
2221	Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France)	23±1	150	6
2222	Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	42	150	10
2223	Kidney beans (Canada)	46	150	11
	mean of four studies	34±6	150	9
2224	Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo	52	150	9
	Foods Ltd., Canada)
	Lentils
2225	Lentils, type NS (USA)⁴	28	150	5
	Lentils, green
2226	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada)	22	150	4
2227	Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France)	30±15	150	5
2228	Lentils, green, canned in brine	52	150	9
	(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
	Lentils, red
2229	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	18	150	3
2230	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	21	150	4
2231	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	31	150	6
2232	Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)	32	150	6
	mean of four studies	26±4	150	5
2233	Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave	32	150	10
	oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada)
2234	Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA)⁴	31	150	6
2235	Peas, dried, boiled (Australia)	22	150	2
	Pinto beans
2236	Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada)	39	150	10
2237	Pinto beans, canned in brine	45	150	10
	(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2238	Romano beans (Canada)	46	150	8
2239	Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min	32	150	6
	(Nupack, Mississauga, Canada)

	MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
	MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
2240	Boost®, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson,	53±4	250 mL	23
	Evansville, Ind, USA)
2241	Boost High-Protein®, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson,	59±9	250 mL	21
	Evansville, Ind, USA)
2242	Chocolate soya weight management drink (UK)¹⁶	73±17	250 mL	26
2243	GatorPro®, chocolate flavor (Gatorade,	89±8	250 mL	40
	Chicago, IL, USA)
2244	Met-RX ®, vanilla (Met-RX substrate	58±16	250 mL	6
	Technology Inc., Irvine, CA, USA)
2245	Optifuel (Twin Laboratories Inc,	78±8	250 mL	27
	Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)

	MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
2246	Fish Fingers (Canada)	38±6	100	7
2247	Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar,	65±6	150	31
	cheese and raisins) (Israel)
	Pizza
2248	Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	60	100	16
2249	Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan	80	100	22
	cheese and tomato sauce (Italy)
2250	Sausages, NS type (Canada)	28±6	100	1
2251	Stirfried vegetables with chicken and boiled	73±17	360	55
	white rice, home made (Australia)
2252	White boiled rice, grilled beefburger,	27	440	14
	cheese, and butter (France)
2253	White boiled rice, grilled beefburger,	22	440	11
	cheese and butter (France)
	White bread with accompaniments
2254	Classic French Baguette with 10 g butter and	59±16	100	25
	2 slices of ham (25 g) (France)
2255	White bread with butter (Canada)	59	100	28
2256	White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada)	42	100	12
2257	White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada)	54	100	16
2258	White bread with butter and skim milk cheese	62	100	23
	(Canada)
2259	White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada)	55	100	26
2260	White/wholemeal wheat bread with	51	100	23
	peanut butter (Canada)
2261	White/wholemeal wheat bread with	67	100	29
	peanut butter (Canada)

	NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
2262	Biosorb® drink, standard (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁴	50±16	250 mL	15
2263	Ensure^TM, vanilla flavor (Abbott Laboratories,	75±10	250 mL	33
	Columbus, Ohio, USA)
2264	Nutridrink® enteral formula	61±19	250 mL	28
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁴
2265	Nutridrink Multi Fibre® enteral formula	53±19	250 mL	24
	(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)⁴

	NUTS
	Peanuts
2266	Peanuts (Canada)⁴	13±6	50	1
2267	Peanuts (Mexico)⁴	23	50	2

	PASTA and NOODLES
2268	Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)	45	180	20
2269	Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada)	47	180	19
	Mung bean noodles
2270	Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals,	26	180	12
	Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2271	Mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand)	45	180	20
2272	Imitation mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand)	51	-	-
	Macaroni
2273	Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min	45	180	22
	(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2274	Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey)	48	180	23
2275	Macaroni, boiled (Italy)⁷	56	180	27
	mean of three studies	50	180	24
2276	Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General	64	180	33
	Foods Inc., Don Mills, Ontario, Canada)
	Rice noodles/pasta
2277	Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)	45	-	-
	rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2278	Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)	46	-	-
	rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2279	Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals,	58	180	23
	Oils & Foodstuffs, China)
	Spaghetti
2280	Spaghetti, homemade, durum wheat,	59	180	28
	no monoglyceride, boiled 6 min (Denmark)
2281	Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min	27	180	14
	(Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada)
	Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min
2282	Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
2283	Boiled 5 min (Canada)	34	180	16
2284	Boiled 5 min (Canada)	40	180	19
2285	Boiled 5 min (Middle East)	44	180	21
	mean of four studies	38±3	180	18
	Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
2286	White, durum wheat, boiled 12 min (Denmark)	34	180	16
2287	Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	32	180	15
2288	Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)	36	180	17
2289	Boiled 15 min (Canada)	41	180	20
	mean of four studies	36±2	180	17
2290	Spaghetti, Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA)	64±15	180	27
	Spaghetti, white, boiled
2291	White (Denmark)	33	180	16
2292	White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada)⁵	34	180	16
2293	White (Australia)⁵	38	180	17
2294	White (Israel)	42±7	180	20
2295	White (Canada)	42	180	20
2296	White (Italy)	42	180	19
2297	White (Canada)	45	180	22
2298	White (Canada)	48	180	23
	mean of eight studies	41±2	180	19
2299	Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled (Australia)⁵	32	180	14
2300	Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 min	38	180	18
	(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2301	Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada)	50	180	10
2302	Wheat (egg) noodles, boiled (Thailand)	57	-	-

	SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
2303	Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	43	50	12
2304	Burger Rings^TM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack	90±16	50	28
	Food Co, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
2305	Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour	54	50	12
	(Philippines)
2306	Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar	35±16	50	8
	with maltitol (Belgium)⁴
2307	Corn chips, Nachips^TM	74	50	21
	(Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada)
2308	Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines)	50	50	10
2309	Juicy cereal bar (Stavnata Tycinka FIT,	85±16	30	17
	Usovsko, Czech Republic)

	SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS
2310	Clif bar, Cookies & Cream flavor	101±6	65	49
	(Clif Bar Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA)
2311	MET-Rx Bar, vanilla flavor	74±12	65	24
	(Met-Rx Sibstrate Technology Inc, Irvine, CA, USA)
2312	Power bar®, chocolate (Powerfood Inc,	83±11	65	37
	Berkeley, CA, USA)
2313	PR-bar, Cookies 'N Cream flavor	81±12	65	23
	(Twin Laboratories Inc, Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)

	SOUPS
2314	Black Bean soup (Wil-Pack Foods,	64	250	17
	San Pedro, CA, USA)
2315	Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd.,	66	250	27
	Toronto, Canada)
2316	Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada)	44	250	9
2317	Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup	1	250	0
	with stock and noodles)
2318	Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA)	60	250	16
2319	Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with	20	-	-
	wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, peppers)
2320	Tomato soup (Canada)	38±9	250	6

	SUGARS, SYRUPS, AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
	Fructose
2321	50 g portion	20±5	10	2
2322	50 g portion	21	10	2
2323	50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company,	24	10	2
	St. Louis, MO, USA)¹⁵
2324	25 g portion, fed with oats¹⁹	25	10	2
	mean of four studies	23±1	10	2
	Glucose
2325	50 g portion (dextrose)⁵	85	10	9
2326	25 g portion, fed with oats¹⁹	92	10	9
2327	50 g portion⁵	93	10	9
2328	50 g portion	96	10	10
	mean of four studies	92±2	10	9
	Glucose consumed with American ginseng
	(Panax quinquefolius L.)
2329	25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc.,	78	10	8
	Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng^4,11
2330	25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min	80	10	8
	after 3 g dried ginseng^4,11
2331	100 g Glucose + 20 g cellulose²⁰	103±5	10	10
	(CSIR Biochemical Unit, New Delhi, India)
	Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
2332	30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger,	55	250	19
	30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
	50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2333	30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger,	57	250	20
	30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
	50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2334	25 g glucose with 30 g oat bran flour (Natureal®	80	10	8
	GI-flour, Finn Cereal, Vantaa, Finland)⁴
2335	Locust honey (Romania)^4,11	32	25	7
	Lactose
2336	50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)¹⁵	43	10	4
2337	25 g portion, fed with oats¹⁹	48	10	5
	Sucrose
2338	50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)¹⁵	58	10	6
2339	50 g portion	59±10	10	6
2340	50 g portion	60	10	6
2341	25 g portion, fed with oats¹⁹	64	10	6
2342	30 g portion¹⁶	82	10	8
2343	25 g portion⁴	110±21	10	11
	mean of six studies	72±8	10	7
	Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds -
	GI values based on the assumption that their
	carbohydrate is available
2344	Isomalt (Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)²¹	2±1	10	0
2345	Isomaltulose, Palatinose^TM	32±3	10	3
	(Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)²¹
	Lactitol
2346	25 g lactitol^5,22	-1±7	10	0
2347	25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Surrey, UK)²²	3±1	10	0
	Litesse
2348	25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and	7±2	10	1
	sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)²²
2349	25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose	4±2	10	0
	and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)²²
2350	Lycasin® HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol,	47±10	10	5
	5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
	oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)²¹
2351	Lycasin® HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol,	25±6	10	3
	5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
	oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)²¹
	Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
2352	Maltitol, 50 g portion (Japan)²¹	26	10	3
2353	25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar,	30±12	10	3
	Vilvoorde, Belgium)²²
2354	25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol)	44±11	10	4
	(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)²²
2355	Maltitol and Sucrose mixture (25 g Maltitol +	46	10	5
	25 g Sucrose) (Japan)²¹
2356	25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol)	73±29	10	7
	(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)²²
2357	25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol)	89±28	10	9
	(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)²²
2358	Tagatose sugar replacement, Gaio®	3±1	10	0
	(Arla Foods, Germany)²¹
	Xylitol
2359	25 g xylitol²²	7±7	10	1
2360	25 g Xylitol C (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)²²	8±2	10	1

	VEGETABLES
2361	Broad beans (Canada)⁴	79±16	80	9
	Green peas
2362	Pea, cooked (Israel)	35±4	80	5
2363	Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)⁴	39	80	3
	Sweet corn
2364	Sweet corn, cooked (Israel)	52±7	150	17
2365	Sweet corn (Canada)	59±11	80	11
2366	Sweet corn, boiled (USA)⁵	60	80	11
	mean of three studies	57	80	13
2367	Sweet corn, whole kernel, diet-pack, Featherweight,	46	80	6
	canned, drained, heated (USA)⁵
2368	Sweet corn, frozen, heated in microwave (Green	47	80	7
	Giant, Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
	Root vegetables
2369	Beetroot (Canada)⁴	64±16	80	4
	Carrots
2370	Carrots, raw (Romania)^4,11	16	80	1
2371	Carrots, NS (Canada)⁴	92±20	80	6
2372	Carrots, peeled, boiled, ground to smooth paste	60±17	80	4
	(Australia)
2373	Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya, Africa)	46	100	12
2374	Parsnips (Canada)⁴	97±19	80	12
	Potato
	Baked potato
2375	Ontario, white, baked in skin (Canada)	60	150	18
	Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
2376	Russet, baked without fat (Canada)	56	150	17
2377	Russet, baked without fat, 45-60 min (USA)⁵	78	150	23
2378	Russet, baked without fat (USA)⁵	94	150	28
	mean of three studies	76	150	23
	Boiled potato
2379	Desiree, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min in	77±17	150	13
	unsalted water (UK)
2380	Maris Peer potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min	94±16	150	27
	in unsalted water (UK)
2381	Nardine, boiled (New Zealand)	70±17	150	18
2382	Ontario, white, peeled, cut into cubes, boiled in	58	150	16
	salted water 15 min (Canada)
2383	Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled in	63	150	11
	salted water 15 min (Canada)
	Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
2384	Type NS (Kenya, Africa)	24	150	7
2385	White, cooked (Romania)^4,11	41	150	12
2386	Potatoes (Germany)	49	150	15
2387	White, boiled (Canada)	54	150	15
2388	Type NS, boiled 19 min (Denmark)	56	150	11
2389	Potatoes, white (Italy)	61	150	16
2390	Type NS, peeled, boiled (Lebanon)	85	150	26
	mean of seven studies	53±7	150	14
	Boiled potato cooked then cooled
2391	Type NS, peeled, boiled and then cooled to 26^oC	54	150	16
	(Lebanon)
	Canned potatoes
2392	Prince Edward Island, canned, heated in microwave	61	150	11
	(Avon, Cobi Foods Inc., Port Williams, Canada)
	French Fries
2393	French fries, frozen, reheated in microwave	75	150	22
	(Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada)
	Instant Mashed potato
2394	Instant (France)	74±12	150	15
2395	Instant (Carnation Foods Co. Ltd., Manitoba, Canada)	86	150	17
2396	Instant (Canada)	88	150	18
2397	Instant (UK)	95±16	150	17
	mean of four studies	86±4	150	17
	Mashed potato
2398	Type NS (Canada)	67	150	13
2399	Ontario, white, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min,	73	150	20
	mashed (Canada)
2400	Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min	73	150	13
	mashed (Canada)
	mean of three studies	71	150	15
	Microwaved potato
2401	Type NS, microwaved (USA)⁴	82	150	27
	New Potato
2402	New (Canada)	47	150	10
2403	New (Canada)	54	150	11
	Steamed potato
2404	Potato dumplings (60% white potatoes, 40% white	52	150	23
	wheat flour, boiled in salted water), consumed with
	olive oil, tomato sauce and parmesan cheese (Italy)
	Sweet potato
2405	Sweet potato, NS (Canada)	48±6	150	16
2406	Sweet potato, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water	59	150	18
	15 min (Canada)
2407	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
	mean of three studies	62	150	19
	Swede
2408	Swede (rutabaga) (Canada)⁴	72±8	150	7
	Tapioca
2409	Tapioca boiled with milk (General Mills Canada Inc.,	81	250	14
	Etobicoke, Canada)
2410	Tapioca, boiled (India)⁶	93±2	250	17
	Yam
2411	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	25±4	150	9
2412	Yam (Canada)	51±12	150	18

	INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS
	OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
	AFRICAN
2413	Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya)	46	100	12
2414	Ga Kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal	44±6	150	18
	(Zea mays) (Ghana)²³
2415	Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima)	49±3	100	13
	(Ghana)²³
2416	Green plantain (musa paradisiaca), boiled (Ghana)²³	41±5	120 (raw)	15
2417	Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)	109	50 (dry)	41
2418	Millet flour porridge/gruel (Kenya)	107	-	-
2419	White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled (Ghana)²³	40±6	150	17
2420	White yam (Dyscoria species) (Ghana)²³	65±7	150	26

	ARABIC AND TURKISH
2421	Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul)	61±16	120	9
2422	Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice)	24±5	250	10
2423	Middle Eastern flatbread	97±29	30	16
2424	Moroccan Couscous (stew of semolina,	58±9	250	17
	chickpeas, vegetables)
2425	Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yoghurt,	20	-	-
	tomato, green pepper)
2426	Turkish bread, white wheat flour	87	30	15
2427	Turkish bread, whole wheat	49	30	8
2428	Turkish noodle soup	1	250	0

	ASIAN
2429	Lungkow beanthread (National Cereals,	26	180	12
	Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2430	Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China)	58	180	23
2431	Stirfried vegetables, chicken and rice,	73±17	360	55
	home made (Australia)

	ASIAN INDIAN
2432	Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum), popped,	97±19	30	18
	eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener
2433	Appam (thin pancake made from fermented	90±4	250	58
	rice flour batter with tender coconut)
	eaten with Bengal gram curry⁶
2434	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as	55±13	75 (dry)	28
	roasted bread made from bajra flour
2435	Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)	67	75 (dry)	34
2436	Barley (Hordeum vulgare)	37	150	14
	Chapatti
2437	Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (25:75) composite flour,	66±10	60	20
	served with bottle gourd and tomato curry
2438	Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (50:50) composite flour,	76±20	60	23
	served with bottle gourd amd tomato curry
2439	Chapatti, baisen (Pakistan)	27	165	-	-
2440	Chapatti, bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum)	67	-	-
2441	Chapatti, barley	37	-	-
2442	Chapatti, maize (Zea mays)	64	-	-
2443	Chapatti, wheat, served with bottle gourd	66±9	60	21
	and tomato curry
2444	Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram	81±4	200	41
	(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
2445	Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake;	35±4	100	7
	dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2446	Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake;	31±6	150	9
	dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2447	Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground,	77±3	150	30
	fermented and fried) with chutney
2448	Green gram, whole with varagu	57±6	80 (dry)	29
	(Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked
2449	Green gram dhal with varagu, pressure cooked	78±12	78 (dry)	39
2450	Idiappam (steamed rice flour dough with	86±4	250	52
	tender coconut) eaten with Bengal gram curry⁶
2451	Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked,	77±2	250	40
	ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
2452	Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour	77±8	70 (dry)	39
	(Sorghum vulgare)
2453	Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted	24±4	50	7
	legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2454	Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted	29±4	50	9
	legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2455	Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana)⁶	84	70 (dry)	42
2456	Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten	104±13	70 (dry)	52
	as roasted bread
2457	Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal,	90±3	250	47
	pressure cooked)
2458	Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with	82±2	150	34
	potato palya (mashed potato)
2459	Puttu (rice flour, steamed with tender coconut)	79±4	250	58
	eaten with Bengal gram curry⁶
2460	Rice (Oryza Sativa), boiled served with bottle gourd	69±15	150	26
	and tomato curry
	Semolina
2461	Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed	55±9	67 (dry)	28
2462	Semolina (Triticum aestivum), pre-roasted	76±6	67 (dry)	38
2463	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented black	46±12	71 (dry)	23
	gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo)
2464	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented	62±20	71 (dry)	31
	green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus)
2465	Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented	54±7	71 (dry)	27
	bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)
2466	Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	68±8	76 (dry)	34
2467	Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)	67±3	150	28
2468	Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds;	18±3	150	6
	roasted and cooked in water)
2469	Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds;	19±3	150	6
	roasted and cooked in water)
2470	Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked	68±8	76 (dry)	34

	ISRAELI
2471	Melawach (dough made from white wheat flour	61±10	115	32
	and butter, fried)
2472	Melawach	71±7	115	38
2473	Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua)	31±6	130	16
	fiber (soluble)
2474	Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble)	59±10	130	31
2475	Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber	72±10	130	38

	PACIFIC ISLANDERS
2476	Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)	78±6	150	20
2477	Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)	25±4	150	9

	PIMA INDIAN
2478	Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina)⁴	25±3	60	1

	SOUTH AMERICAN
2479	Black Beans	30	150	7
2480	Brown beans	38	150	9
2481	Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions,	37±4	-	-
	vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2482	Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions,	29±3	-	-
	vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
	consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2483	Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla,	51±9	-	-
	vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans)
2484	Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla,	35±8	-	-
	vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans),
	consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2485	Nopales (prickly pear cactus)	7	100	0
2486	Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado,	36±3	-	-
	boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2487	Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado,	25±4	-	-
	boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla) consumed with
	nopales (prickly pear cactus)


Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless otherwise specified.
2. Mean ± SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the reference food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
5. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
6. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.
7. GI calculated from the 240 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
8. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h for only 4 time points (0, 1, 2, and 3 h).
9. GI corrected for added milk and adjusted to represent a 50 g carbohydrate portion size.
10. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 12.5 g carbohydrate.
11. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min).
13. Wheat chapatti was used as the reference food and given a GI of 100. The GI of the test food was measured by expressing the glucose AUC value for the test food as a percentage of the AUC value for wheat chapatti.
14. M Champ (INRA, France) and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, France), unpublished observations, 1998.
15. GI calculated from the 300 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
16. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate.
17. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate.
18. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
19. GI for sugars calculated from the glycemic response for a meal of sugar and rolled oats minus the glycemic response for the oats alone.
20. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate.
21. Total weight of the test food was 50 g, whereas the reference food contained 50 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
22. Total weight of the test food was 25 g, whereas the reference food contained 25 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
23. Eaten as part of a mixed meal with fish, tomato, and onion sauce.
24. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min).
25. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h for only 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).

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โดย นายแพทย์ ประพันธ์ ปลื้มภาณุภัทร อายุรแพทย์,แพทย์เวชศาสตร์ครอบครัว

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: 2008

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, small subject numbers or values showing wide variability: 2008